Class notes
Week 10 Learning Outcomes
- Course
- Institution
Week 10 Learning Outcomes
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
juliar1
Content preview
Week 10: Fluid and Electrolyte Management1. Fluid Balance Overview
Water
o The primary component of body fluids (60% of adult weight)
o A medium for metabolic reactions within cells
o Insulates and help to regulate and maintain body temperature
(evaporation and perspiration)
o Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and waste products from cells
o Constitutes about 60% of the adult body weight.
o Amount varies based on gender, age and amount of body fat (why is
this?)
Body Fluid Compartments
o Intracellular (fluid within a cell)
o Extracellular (fluid outside the cell)
o Intravascular fluid (in blood vessels in the form of plasma or serum)
o Interstitial fluid (fluid surrounding the cells)
Electrolytes: Chemical substances that develop an electric charge and can
conduct an electric current when placed in water; ions.
Cations: ions that carry a positive charge: sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium.
Anions: Ions that carry a negative charge: chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate,
sulphate
Solute: Substances dissolved in a liquid.
Solvent: The liquid in which solutes are dissolved.
Osmolality: The concentration of solutes in a solution
Hypertonic solution: Solutions that have a higher osmolality than body fluids: 3%
sodium chloride.
Hypotonic solution: Solutions that have a lower osmolality than body fluids;
0.45% sodium chloride.
Osmotic pressure: Power of a solution to pull water across a semipermeable
membrane.
Water and solutes move in the body through:
o Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and active transport.
Electrolytes
o Are substances that dissociate in solution to form ions.
o The cations are positively charged (sodium Na+ and potassium K+).
o Anions are negatively charged
o Plays a role in enzyme reaction
o Essential to neuromuscular activity
o Help to regulate water and acid-base balance
o Measured in mmol/L
o Vital to many bodily functions
, Body Fluid Regulation
o Thirst (hypothalamic osmoreceptors): stimulates thirst and ADH –
o which ↑ reabsorption of water in the distal and collecting tubules.
o Thirst mechanism decreases in the elderly.
o Renal (regulate fluid volume and electrolyte balance)
o Cardiac (ANF – Atrial natriuretic factor (hormone released by cells in atria
in response
o Response to fluid overload)
o Inhibits renin secretion, and block aldosterone.
o Promote Na+ and water loss and cause vasodilation.
o GI System
o Insensible Water Loss (from skin, vaporization,
Electrolytes
o Maintain a balance between positive and negative charges (homeostasis)
o Concentration measured in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L)
o They can move from one fluid compartment to another
o Sodium Na+ (most abundant electrolyte, found mainly in the extracellular
fluid 90%).
o Major role in body fluid regulation, nerve impulse conduction, and acid-
base balance.
o Potassium K+ is the major cation in intracellular fluid (98%). Helps to
maintain fluid osmolarity and volume within the cell.
o Essential for normal membrane excitability (nerve impulses)
o Needed for protein synthesis breakdown of glycogen
o Helps to maintain plasma acid-base balance
Fluid Regulation
Fluid Balance in the Older Adults
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller juliar1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76449 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now