Summary WJEC (England) Eduqas A-Level Biology 2. Continuity of Life - 1. Classification & Biodiversity
19 views 0 purchase
Course
2. Continuity of life
Institution
WJEC
I achieved a high A* Grade in my final A-Level exams using these notes!!!
I believe you can achieve an A* if you can memorise these notes! Simply use blurting, a method of active recall, to write everything you remember from the notes, then identify the parts you couldn’t remember, then repeat ...
a. Classification of organisms into groups based on characteristics & evolutionary history
Modern classification system – Linnaean system
Kingdom – physical characteristics
Phylum (& sub-phylums): Chordate – basic body design
Class: Mammal – general traits (number of limbs)
Order: Primates – specific information
Family: Hominids
Genus: Homo
species: sapien
b. Why classify
- infer evolutionary relationships
- predict characteristics of newly discovered species
- useful to look at families species when assessing extinction in ecosystem
Tentative nature: not fixed – can change as new information available
c. 3 Domains – each with distinctive ribosomalRNA pattern (prokaryote kingdom can be divided into 2)
Archaea: extremophile prokaryotes
(Eu)Bacteria: true bacteria
Eukary(ot)a: eukaryotes
d. Kingdoms
Prokaryotae Fungi
unicellular heterotrophs – saprotrophs
peptidoglycan cell wall chitin cell wall
no true nucleus & membrane-bound organelles reproduce via spores
most have hyphae – network of filaments
Protoctista Plantae Animalia
mostly unicellular multicellular multicellular
no tissue differentiation autotrophs – photosynthetic heterotrophs
reproduce via spores/seeds nervous coordination
cellulose cell wall
e. Assessing relatedness
physical features
Homologous features: evolved from same structure (common ancestor) for different functions
pentadactyl limb divergent evolution
Analogous features: structures evolved independently for same function
insect/bird wing convergent evolution
biochemical methods – reduce problem of morphological convergence
percentage of DNA or proteins shared between organisms / less differences = estimates relatedness
genetic fingerprinting – compare banding patterns
enzyme studies = protein amino acid sequence
Phylogenetic Tree: shows relatedness – shows when most recent common ancestor was
f. Species: group of similar organisms – can interbreed = fertile offspring
g. binomial naming system – universal
Genus name + species name
Starts with CAPITAL lower case
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tnotes. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.02. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
