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ENPC Class | Questions & Answers
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ENPC Class | Questions & AnswersWhat should you do when assessing a neonate? Ans ➡ The assessment
should progress from toe to head direction. Make sure they are warm and do
not have hypoglycemia.
How do infants breathe? Ans ➡ Infants are obligate nose breathers for
the first 4 to 6 months.
Toddlers what ages? Ans ➡ Ages one to three years old
Preschoolers Ans ➡ Ages three to five years old
School aged children Ans ➡ Ages five to 11 years old
Adolescents Ans ➡ Ages 11-18 years old
There are four components of the prioritization of pediatric emergency care?
Ans ➡ These are the PAT, focused assessment (objective info), the focused
pediatric history (subjective info) and the assignment of an acuity rating
decision.
First impression of pediatric patient is using? Ans ➡ PAT-pediatric
assessment triangle. It provides a psysiological assessment from an across
the room perspective.
How many components of the PAT and what are they? Ans ➡ 3 which
are general appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to skin.
Appearance Ans ➡ The child's general appearance is the most
important thing to consider when determining how severe the illness or
injury is and the need for treatment. It reflects the adequancy of ventilation,
oxygenation, brain perfusion, and central nervous system function. From
across the room, the child should be assessed for tone, interactiveness,
consolability, look/gaze and speech/cry.
work of breathing Ans ➡ A child's work of breathing is a more accurate
indicator of oxygenation and ventilation than respiratory rate or the
auscultation of chest sounds. Look and listen for abnormal breath sounds,
abnormal positioning, retractions and nasal flaring.
Sick Ans ➡ Even if the child appears well, it is purdent to consider the
child sick simply based on the fact that the caregiver was concerned enough
to bring the child to the ED.
, Sicker Ans ➡ If there is acute disruption in any one component of the
PAT, the child may be considered to be sicker and may require a higher
acuity rating decision and the initiation of a focused treatment intervention.
Sickest Ans ➡ If there is an acute disruption in two or more of th
ecomponents of the PAT, this child should be considered sickest, with a high
acuity rating decision and rapid resuscitation treatment interventions.
Focused assessment Ans ➡ This means to use critical thinking.
Understanding the disease process and the pediatric normal is important.
Red Flags of Pediatric Triangle Ans ➡ Apnea, choking, drooling, audible
airway sounds and positions.
Breathing: Grunting, sternal retractions, increased work of breathing,
irregular respiratory patterns, respiratory rate of greater than 60 or less than
20 breaths per minute for children younger than 6 years, absence of breath
sounds and cyanosis.
Circulation: Cool or clammy skin, tachycardia, bradycardia, heart rate of
greater than 200 beats per minute, heart rate of less than 60 beats per
minute, hypotension, diminished or absent peripheral pulses, decreased
tearing and sunken eyes.
Disabiliity: Altered LOC, inconsolability, and suken or bulging fontanel.
Exposure: Petechia, purpura, and signs and symptoms of abuse
Full set of vitals: Hypothermia, fever in an infant younger than 3 months,
temperature of greather than 40 C to 40.6 C at any age
Give comfort: Severe pain
Hisotry: Hisotry of chronic illness or family crissi and return to visit to the ED
within 24 hours.
Primary Assessment Ans ➡ Airway with simultaneous cervical spine
immobilization for any injured child whose mechanism of injury, symptoms,
or physical findings suggest spinal trauma or whose medical history is
incongruent with the pediatric patient's physical condition.
B=breathing
C=circulation
D=Disability or neurological status
E=Exposure and environmental control prevent heat loss.
Secondary Assessment Ans ➡ F-Full set of vital signs, including weight,
family presence and focused adjuncts.
G-give comfort measures
H=history and head to toe assessment
I=inspect posterior surfaces
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