HESI A2 (READING,GRAMMAR,MATH,BIOLOGY & ANATOMY ANDPHYSIOLOGY 2022.2023)
Food away from home (FAFH) has been associated with poor diet quality in many studies. It is difficult,however, to measure the effect of FAFH on diet quality since many unobserved factors, such as foodpreferences and time con...
, HESI A2 (READING,GRAMMAR,MATH,BIOLOGY & ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 2022.2023)
HESI A2 READING
Food away from home (FAFH) has been associated with poor diet quality in many studies. It is difficult,
however, to measure the effect of FAFH on diet quality since many unobserved factors, such as food
preferences and time constraints, influence not just our choice of where to eat, but also the nutritional
quality of what we eat. Using data from 1994-96 and 2003-04, this study applies fixed-effects estimation
to control for such unobservable influences and finds that, for the average adult, FAFH increases daily
caloric intake and reduces diet quality. The effects vary depending on which meals are consumed away
from home. On average, breakfast away from home decreases the number of servings of whole grains
and dairy consumed per 1,000 calories and increases the percent of calories from saturated and solid
fat, alcohol, and added sugar (So FAAS) in a day. Dinner away from home reduces the number of
servings of vegetables consumed per 1,000 calories for the average adult. Breakfast and lunch away
from home increase calories from saturated fat and So FAAS on average more among dieters than
among non- dieters. Some of the overall negative dietary effects decreased between 1994-96 and 2003-
04, including those on whole grain, sodium, and vegetable consumption.
Which meal(s) eaten away from home have worse results for dieters than for non-dieters?
A. The article doesn’t state which meal is the worse for non-dieters
B. Dinner eaten away from home is worse because people consume fewer whole grains and
vegetables.
C. Breakfast eaten away from home is worse because it increases the percent of calories from
saturated and solid fat, alcohol, and added sugar (So FAAS) in a day.
D. Breakfast and lunch eaten away from home are worse because they increase the percent of
calories from saturated fats.
Why is it difficult to measure the effect of food away from home on diet quality?
A. People eat out too much, so it is not possible to collect accurate data.
B. Researchers are unable to assess the nutritional quality of people’s diets.
C. Peoples’ food preferences are too complex and may even be unmeasurable.
D. Too many unknown variables affect the data.
Which statement is not a detail from the passage?
A. Eating breakfast away from home can result in an increase in fatty protein consumption.
B. Eating food away from home is connected to bad food choices.
C. In general, people who eat breakfast away from home consume more calories.
D. Eating dinner away from home results in less vegetable consumption.
What is the meaning of the word “associated” in the first paragraph?
, A. Specialized
B. Predated
C. Connected
D. Obfuscated
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. A DNA molecule is 2 nanometers in diameter. Protein molecules
are about 10 nanometers in diameter. A human hair is 100,000 nanometers in diameter. But what is a
nanometer and how does it relate to technology? Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and
control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, a scale at which unique properties of
materials emerge that can be used to develop novel technologies and products. At the nanoscale, the
physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ from the properties of matter either at
smaller scales, such as atoms, or at larger scales that we use in everyday life such as millimeters or
inches. Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter only a few
nanometers in size. Gold nanoparticles are made of the same material as in jewelry. But when light
interacts with particles of gold, different colors are reflected. The different colors can be used in simple
medical tests to indicate infection or disease. Metals such as copper become extremely rigid at the
nanoscale, rather than bendable as in copper wires seen in everyday use.
What is the major difference between matter at the nanoscale and matter at larger scales such as
millimeters or inches?
A. At the nanoscale, metals are bendable, and at larger scales they are rigid.
B. Matter has different and special characteristics at the nanoscale.
C. At the nanoscale, matter has the same properties as matter at the atomic level.
D. There is no difference.
Which claim from the passage best describes the benefits of nanotechnology?
A. Scientists can develop novel technologies and products.
B. Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly
1 to 100 nanometers.
C. The different colors can be used in simple medical tests to indicate infection or disease.
D. Unique properties of materials emerge.
What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
A. To explain how to utilize the nanoscale
B. To review the conversion between the nanoscale and nanotechnology
C. To advocate for the usage of more nanotechnology
D. To describe nanotechnology and what it is
Researchers have developed a recording device that essentially melts into place, snugly fitting to the
brain's surface. This new technology allows for closer interaction between machines and living tissue,
paving the way for more advanced implantable devices. Currently, the simplest devices for recording
from the brain are needle-like electrodes that can penetrate into brain tissue. More state-of-the-art
devices, called micro-electrode arrays, consist of dozens of semi-flexible wire electrodes. These are
usually fixed to rigid silicon grids that don't conform to the brain's shape. An ideal recording device
, would conform to complex curved surfaces while placing minimal stress on the tissue. The scientists
chose silk as their base material because it is flexible and durable enough to withstand manipulation.
The team reported that they were able to create ultrathin flexible implants that hug the brain like shrink
wrap, collapsing into its grooves and stretching over its rounded surfaces. The silk base dissolves once it
makes contact with the brain, allowing the array to end up tightly hugging the brain. They found that the
ultrathin arrays they created can record brain activity more faithfully than thicker implants embedded
with similar electronics.
Which sentence best summarizes the benefits of the new silk technology?
A. The new technology allows for closer interaction between machines and living tissue, paving the
way for more advanced implantable devices.
B. These implants have the potential to maximize the contact between electrodes and brain tissue,
while minimizing damage to the brain.
C. They could provide a platform for a range of devices with applications in epilepsy, spinal cord
injuries, and other neurological disorders.
D. The arrays could potentially read the complex signals in the brain that direct movement, and
then route those signals to healthy muscles or prosthetic devices.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the silk brain recording device?
A. Durability
B. Flexibility
C. Different rates of dissolution
D. Needle – like electrodes
Neurologists and biological psychologists have witnessed a sharp increase in the knowledge and
understanding of particular structures of the brain over the past two decades. As technology becomes
ever more advanced, scientists are able to isolate the functions of even small regions of the human
brain. One noteworthy discovery is the role of the amygdala in human fear and aggression. The
amygdala, a small, almond-shaped conglomerate, is just one part of the limbic system. Located at the
very center of the brain, the limbic system is the core of our 'emotional brain;' each individual structure
in the limbic system is somehow connected to an aspect of human emotion. Scientists have found that
electrode stimulation of the amygdala can elicit extreme and aggressive acts. Patients or experimental
subjects who experience this utter rage and fearlessness have no rational foundation for their reaction.
In other words, this aggression is wholly attributable to electrode stimulation. On the other hand,
patients with trauma or damage to this structure exhibit a complete absence of aggression. Researchers
find that no amount of poking, prodding or harassment will evoke even remotely aggressive responses
from these subjects.
The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a direct result of which of
the following?
A. Drug-induced stimulation of the amygdala.
B. A stroke that resulted in severe tissue damage in the limbic system
C. Encephalitis as a result of head trauma
D. Activation of a strategically implanted electrode in a patient’s amygdala.
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