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Genética, Mutaciones e ingeniería genética

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¿Quieres aprender todo sobre genética? ¿Te interesa conocer los fundamentos de la genética mendeliana y molecular, las mutaciones y la ingeniería genética? Entonces, este archivo es para ti. En este documento encontrarás una completa explicación de los conceptos fundamentales de la genétic...

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  • April 12, 2023
  • 22
  • 2022/2023
  • Interview
  • Unknown
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  • Secondary school
  • Bachillerato
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GENÉTICA, MUTACIONES E
INGENIERIA GENÉTICA.




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Imagen de usos de ingeniería genética en agricultura generada por IA

,
,Contenido
Definiciones sobre genética .........................................................................................................1
Genética Mendeliana ...................................................................................................................1
Quién fue Mendel ....................................................................................................................1
En que se basó el éxito de Mendel ...........................................................................................1
Las leyes de Mendel .................................................................................................................2
Primera ley de Mendel: Uniformidad de los híbridos de la 1ª generación filial ....................2
Segunda ley de Mendel: Separación o disyunción de los alelos en la segunda generación
filial.......................................................................................................................................2
Tercera ley de Mendel: Transmisión independiente de caracteres .......................................2
Herencia intermedia .....................................................................................................................2
Alelismo múltiple: Codominancia.................................................................................................3
Caracteres poligénicos..................................................................................................................3
Interacción génica ........................................................................................................................3
Genes letales ................................................................................................................................4
Teoría cromosómica de la herencia de Morgan ............................................................................4
Genes ligados: La excepción a la 3ª ley de Mendel ......................................................................5
Determinación del sexo ................................................................................................................5
En humanos..............................................................................................................................5
Herencia ligada al sexo .................................................................................................................5
Hemofilia ..................................................................................................................................6
Daltonismo ...............................................................................................................................6
Caracteres influidos por el sexo: La Calvicie .................................................................................6
El DNA, material hereditario ........................................................................................................7
Flujo de información genética ......................................................................................................7
Dogma central de la biología molecular ...................................................................................7
Pero… Actualmente ..............................................................................................................7
Modelos de replicación ................................................................................................................7
Replicación del DNA .....................................................................................................................8
Enzimas necesarias ...................................................................................................................8
Inicio de la replicación ..............................................................................................................8
Creación de las nuevas hebras .................................................................................................8
Eliminando errores: Autocorrección .........................................................................................9
Diferencias entre procariotas y eucariotas ...............................................................................9
Transcripción de DNA a RNA ......................................................................................................10
Características ........................................................................................................................10

, RNA polimerasa ......................................................................................................................10
Regiones de los genes ............................................................................................................10
Transcripción en eucariotas ....................................................................................................10
Diferencias entre procariotas y eucariotas .............................................................................11
El código genético ......................................................................................................................11
Características ........................................................................................................................11
El código .................................................................................................................................11
Traducción ..................................................................................................................................12
Regulación de la expresión génica ..............................................................................................12
Teoría del Operón ...................................................................................................................12
Epigenética .................................................................................................................................12
Estudia....................................................................................................................................12
Marcadores epigenéticos .......................................................................................................13
Mutaciones ................................................................................................................................13
Definición ...............................................................................................................................13
Características ........................................................................................................................13
Criterios de clasificación .........................................................................................................13
Clasificación por la alteración genética provocada .................................................................14
Los agentes mutágenos ..............................................................................................................14
Ingeniería genética .....................................................................................................................15
Ventajas ..................................................................................................................................15
Técnicas ..................................................................................................................................15
DNA Recombinante ............................................................................................................15
Clonación del DNA ..............................................................................................................16
Diferencias entre clonación de DNA y el DNA recombinante .............................................16
PCR .....................................................................................................................................16
Secuenciación del DNA .......................................................................................................17
CRISPR/Cas9 .......................................................................................................................18

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