This overview lists all methods that were described during the lectures, e.g. MRS, (f)MRI, (f)NIRS, et cetera.
In this overview, information about the methods is provided within the categories of: Technique, Category, Description, Based on... , Invasive?, Variants, Used for... (a.o.), Comparison...
NOTES:
▪ The “Advantages” and “Disadvantages” column do not contain info about spatial/temporal resolution, even though this could also be seen as a (dis)advantage.
▪ If a cell is empty, the category did not apply to the technique, or it was not mentioned in the lectures.
Spatial resolution = a measure of the smallest object that can be resolved by the sensor; the number of pixels utilized in construction of a digital image.
Temporal resolution = how closely the measured activity corresponds to the timing of the actual neuronal activity.
Technique Category Description Based on… Invasive? Variants Used for… (a.o
, Resting state fMRI (RS-fMRI) =
Shows which areas are active when thinking
of and doing nothing.
- Very efficient and everyone can
participate.
- Principal component analysis (PCA) =
identify components that explain most
of the variance in the data, only look
at these
- Independent component analysis (ICA)
(see EEG Data analysis)
- Graph theory = use parameters that
summarize network properties to
make conclusions about connectivity
(high/low clustering, high/low node
degree)
Assortative network = nodes that
are not strongly connected do not
connect to highly connected nodes
Measures the small changes in Hemodynamic response
(with some exceptions of course).
blood flow that occur with function (HRF):
brain activity. Disassortative network = how
1. Neural activity
connected a node is will not
requires energy
influence the nodes it can connect
(ATP) and oxygen.
Measures the blood-oxygenation- to.
2. Initial dip:
level dependent (BOLD) signal (delayed) increase
that results from the in oxygen & glucose
hemodynamic response (HR): Multivariate/multi-voxel pattern analyses
consumption -> - Research
- Iron has different (MVPA) = (see MVPA)
Hemodynamic blood oxygenation
Functional magnetic magnetic properties - Used in pre-
(oxyhemoglobin ->
, Examine physiological influence of
1 region of interest (ROI) on
another part of the brain as a
function of psychological
context.
Psychophysiological Measuring
- Research
interaction (PPI) connectivity Aims to identify regions whose
activity depends on interaction
between psychological &
physiological factors.
Model-based approach
Uses variation in frequencies to
measure the chemical
composition of brain tissue.
Single-voxel MRS / single-voxel spectroscopy
(SVS) =
The distribution of electrons Measure spectroscopic info of a single voxel
within an atom cause nuclei in in the brain
different molecules to - Takes less time than CSI.
experience a different magnetic
field -> different resonant - Easy
frequencies -> different signals. - Limited application for large or
inhomogeneous lesions.
Reflects particle resonance of
metabolites associated with Multi-voxel chemical shift imaging (CSI) =
specific neurotransmitters or - Detection,
Measure spectroscopic info of multiple
Magnetic Resonance Dynamic physiology other substances in brain Nuclear magnetic localization, and
Non-invasive voxels in the brain
Spectroscopy (MRS) (functional) tissue. resonance (NMR) evaluation of
- More time consuming than SVS tumors
- Better assessment of entire large
Uses a reference molecule to see lesions
the degree of resonance.
- Better spatial resolution for smaller
organs and lesions
Result is a graph of peaks that
show the amount of certain
chemicals that are present: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging
(MRSI) =
Non-invasive imaging method that provides
spectroscopic info in addition to an MRI
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