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Anatomy of the Mediastinum

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The summary of class notes + textbook for the human anatomy. In-depth description of the bones, muscles, fascias, and organs of the body with related clinical cases of the cardiovascular system

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  • April 1, 2023
  • 6
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Avinash bharadwaj
  • All classes
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Mediastinum
Mediastinum
The region between the two lungs

Contain heart, blood vessels, trachea, oesophagus..

Important landmarks:

Sternal angle

T12 vertebrae

Ludwig’s plane

Horizontal plane through sternal
angle

Heart at central position at T4

Upper border of sternum at T2

Upper limit of mediastinum at first
rib




Divisions + Borders:

Superior mediastinum

Above Ludwig’s plane (T4/T5)

Superior thoracic aperture as
boundary

Inferior mediastinum

Below Ludwig’s plane

Have subdivisions

Anterior mediastinum

Sternum → pericardial
sac



Mediastinum 1

, Middle mediastinum

Diaphragm as
boundary

Bounded by pericardial
sac

Posterior mediastinum

Thoracic vertebrae +
pericardial sac as
boundary




Building the Mediastinum
1. 12 thoracic vertebrae with
sympathetic trunk

2. Chains of sympathetic ganglia

3. Azygos venous system

a. Begins in the abdomen and
enters the thorax

b. 2 hemiazygos veins join the
azygos vein at T8

c. Azygos vein arches at the
upper end over the right
bronchus and joins the SVC

4. Thoracic duct = a lymphatic
channel

a. Begins in the abdomen from the
cisterna chyli

b. Pass through the superior
aperture of thorax



Mediastinum 2

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