The summary of class notes + textbook for the human anatomy. In-depth description of the bones, muscles, fascias, and organs of the body with related clinical cases of the reproductive system
Anatomy notes - Shoulder, Posterior Scapular Region & Back
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Perineum
Borders and Ceiling
The perineum is inferior to the
pelvic floor
Anterior point = inferior border
of pubic symphysis
Posterior point = tip of coccyx
Lateral points = ischial
tuberosity
Peripheral boundary = pelvic
outlet
Ceiling = pelvic diaphragm
Lateral walls = pelvic cavity
walls
The perineum is divided into:
Anterior urogenital triangle
Contain openings of urinary
systems + reproductive
systems
Posterior anal triangle
Contain anus + external
anal sphincter
Perineal Membrane + Deep Perineal Pouch:
Urogenital diaphragm = skeletal
muscle sphincter in male
This muscle is enclosed in
superior + inferior fascia
Perineum 1
, Perineal membrane =
inferior fascia
Urethra sphincters are is also
enclosed in the perineal membrane
+ superior fascia
⇒ deep perineal pouch is the area
between superior + inferior fascia
⇒ Both provide support for the external
genitalia
Anal Triangle
External anal sphincter is a major muscle in the anal triangle
It surrounds the anal canal
In the anal canal
Submucosal venous plexus are plenty → many longitudinal veins (3 main
veins)
These veins create folds of the mucosa, called columns of Morgagni
These columns join at the anal valves
There are glands that open into each of the column
Urogenital Triangle
Superficial Perineal Pouch
The superficial perineal pouch is between the perineal membrane and
membranous layer of superficial fascia
Erectile Tissues:
Two sets of erectile structures join to form penis + clitoris
Corpora cavernosa, on each side of the urogenital triangle, with the
proximal end anchored to the pubic arch
Perineum 2
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