Katzung Pharmacology Review 10e 100 Questions and Answers Exam 1 New 2023 with complete solution
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Katzung Pharmacology
Katzung Pharmacology Review 10e 100 Questions and Answers Exam 1 New 2023 with complete solution
Question 1:
A 30-year-old hospitalized patient with AIDS has a CD4 cell count of 50/μL. He is being treated with a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen consisting of zidovudine (ZDV...
katzung pharmacology review 10e 100 questions and answers exam 1 new 2023 with complete solution question 1 a 30 year old hospitalized patient with aids has a cd4 cell count of 50μl he is being tr
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Katzung Pharmacology Review 10e 100 Questions and
Answers Exam 1 New 2023 with complete solution
Question 1:
A 30-year-old hospitalized patient with AIDS has a CD4 cell count of 50/μL. He is being
treated with a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen consisting of
zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and indinavir. Other drugs being administered to
this patient include ganciclovir, clarithromycin, rifabutin, and trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole.
The drug in this patient's regimen that inhibits posttranslational modification of viral
proteins is
A
Acyclovir
B
Indinavir
C
Lamivudine
D
Rifabutin
E
Zidovudine
• indinavir
The correct answer is (B).
Explanation:
Protease inhibitors such as indinavir act at the posttranslational step of HIV at which the
viral enzyme cleaves precursor molecules to form the final structural proteins of the
mature virion core.
Question 2:
A 46-year-old man has hypertension of 155/95. His cardiac and kidney function is
normal. Losartan has been suggested as therapy. This drug provides an
antihypertensive effect by which of the following effects?
A
Accelerating the rate of enzymatic inactivation of amine neurotransmitters in the CNS
B
Activating α2-adrenoceptors located in the presynaptic membranes of CNS neurons that
regulate peripheral SANS activity
C
Blocking the transport of amine neurotransmitters from the cytoplasm to the inside of
synaptic transmitter storage vesicles
D
Inhibiting the uptake of amine neurotransmitters from the extracellular fluid into the
cytoplasm in the presynaptic nerve terminus
E
Interfering with the combination of angiotensin II with its receptor
,• losartan
The correct answer is (E).
Explanation:
Losartan is a member of the angiotensin receptor-blocking group. It is a competitive
antagonist of angiotensin II at its receptor.
Question 3:
A child with strabismus ("wandering eye") is to be treated pharmacologically for a
prolonged period. Which of the following drugs is used by the topical route in
ophthalmology and causes mydriasis and cycloplegia lasting more than 24 h?
A
Atropine
B
Echothiophate
C
Edrophonium
D
Pilocarpine
E
Timolol
• atropine
The correct answer is (A).
Explanation:
Atropine has a very long duration of action in the eye (>72 hr). By interfering with
accommodation in the dominant eye, atropine can sometimes prevent
amblyopia.Timolol has no significant effect on accommodation, whereas the other drugs
listed cause miosis and cyclospasm.
Question 4:
A 46-year-old man consults you regarding his sexual performance issues. A drug that is
used in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction and inhibits a phosphodiesterase is
A
Finasteride
B
Fluoxetine
C
Mifepristone
D
Sildenafil
E
Timolol
• sildenafil
The correct answer is (D)
Explanation:
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, isoform 5, are useful in enhancing erection. Note:
Because the mechanism involves increased cGMP in vascular smooth muscle, these
drugs also potentiate the hypotensive action of nitrates.
,Question 5:
An antifungal drug that binds to ergosterol forming "pores" that disrupt fungal membrane
integrity is
A
Amphotericin B
B
Caspofungin
C
Fluconazole
D
Flucytosine
E
Terbinafine
• amphotericin b
The correct answer is (A).
Explanation:
The amphipathic character of amphotericin B following its interaction with ergosterol in
fungal cell membranes leads to artificial "pores" that disrupt membrane integrity.
Nystatin, another polyene, acts similarly but is too nephrotoxic for systemic use.
Question 6:
Diners at a popular seafood restaurant became ill after consuming clams and mussels.
Consultation with the local coastal authorities revealed that the area from which the
seafood had been harvested had recently had a major "red tide." The consumption of
shellfish harvested during a red tide (resulting from a large population of a dinoflagellate
species) is not recommended because of contamination with saxitoxin, a drug that
resembles tetrodotoxin. These toxins cause which of the following effects?
A
Clonic-tonic seizures
B
Malignant hypertension
C
Nerve transmission blockade
D
Renal failure
E
Ventricular torsades de pointes arrhythmias
• saxitoxin
The correct answer is (C)
Explanation:
Dinoflagellates secrete saxitoxin, a blocker of voltage-gated Na+ channels in nerves.
Exposure to this toxin results in block of transmission initially in sensory nerves (causing
numbness and tingling) but may extend to block of motor nerves with paralysis of
voluntary muscle, including the diaphragm.
Question 7:
The mechanism of action of the hypnotic drug zolpidem is
A
, Activation of GABAB receptors
B
Antagonism of glycine receptors in the spinal cord
C
Blockade of the action of glutamic acid
D
Increased GABA-mediated chloride ion conductance
E
Inhibition of GABA aminotransferase
• zolpidem
The correct answer is (D)
Explanation:
Though not benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone exert their hypnotic
effects via interaction with benzodiazepine receptors in the CNS, leading to an increase
in GABA-mediated chloride ion conductance.
Question 8:
A patient is admitted to the emergency department for treatment of a drug overdose.
The identity of the drug is unknown, but it is observed that when the urine pH is alkaline,
the renal clearance of the drug is much greater than when the urine pH is acidic. The
drug is probably a
A
Strong acid
B
Weak acid
C
Nonelectrolyte
D
Weak base
E
Strong base
• henderson-hasselbalch equation
The correct answer is (B).
Explanation:
According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch principle (Chapter 1), weak acids are less
protonated (and more charged) in alkaline media, and weak bases are more protonated
(and more charged) in acidic media. Since the clearance of the unknown drug is greater
in alkaline urine, the drug must be a weak acid.
Question 9:
Which vasodilator acts on vascular smooth muscle to block calcium influx via L-type
channels?
A
Diazoxide
B
Diltiazem
C
Hydralazine
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