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Rasmussen NUR 2349 PN1 Exam 3 Q&A
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Rasmussen NUR 2349 PN1 Exam 3 Q&AModule 6-Immunity
• Antigen= molecule that can bind with a specific
• antibody Immunogen= molecule that elicits an immune
response
o cover nose & mouth when sneezing to reduce
Immunocompetent=when all the diff parts and functions of immunity are working
well
• SELF VS. NONSELF
o Self- tolerance= the ability to recognize self vs. non-self, which is needed to prevent healthy
body cells from being destroyed along with the invaders.
o WBC’s are the only body cells able to recognize non-self and to attack them.
o RA-systemic immune issue-can’t recognize self vs non-self; affects lining of synovial
spaces because it doesn’t recognize it
• Primary lymphoid organs
o Bone marrow
o Thymus- reservoir for T lymphocytes
• Thymectomy: lifelong complications
o Increased risk of infection, inflammation, age related chronic illness &
autoimmune responses as adult
o Cancer
*Shrinks with age
• Secondary lymphoid tissue
o Lymph nodes
o Spleen- Filters antigens out of blood, stores WBC & platelets
• Splenectomy:
o Lifelong risk for infection (increased WBC)
▪ Handwashing
▪ Stay away from sick people
Strict infection control techniques
• Chemical components:
• Cytokines: affect the way other cells ACT.
• Interleukin-1 induces fever
• Chemokines: ATTRACT other cells to battle= chemotaxis.
• Complement: cascade of several lytic proteins that aid in pathogen destruction.
• Primary defense= normal flora, skin, mucous, pH
,Rasmussen NUR 2349 PN1 Exam 3 Q&A
• Secondary defenses:
,Rasmussen NUR 2349 PN1 Exam 3 Q&A
o Nonspecific Innate immunity= temporary; natural from birth, restricts entry of antigens thru
phagocytosis, complement & inflammation.
Inflammation response:
Phagocytes (1st line of
defense) 1.
Macrophages
2. Neutrophils
• Tertiary defenses:
o Specific Adaptive (Acquired) immunity= permanent; from exposure to
antigens/pathogens; memory of past exposures (Chicken pox)
▪ Humoral mediated immunity:
o Control fluids (blood/ lymph) between cells.
o B lymphocytes (bone marrow)
o Resolved with Immunoglobulin (IgA) shot
Immunoglobulins= responsible for invading bacteria/viruses & provide the humoral
immunity component of immune response
• IgA:
▪ Protects entrances to body (viral)
▪ In high concentrations in body fluid (tears, saliva, resp/GI/GU secretions)
• IgD:
▪ Found in cell membranes of B lymphocytes
• IgE:
▪ Involved in inflammation, allergic responses & combating parasitic infection.
▪ Found in trace amounts
• IgG: “gift”
▪ Most abundant (80-85%)
▪ Circulating blood may enter tissue space
▪ passively into placenta (mother-fetus)
▪ secondary antibody protection: bloodborne/tissue infections
• IgM:
▪ Largest
▪ Made by baby (natural antibody formation)
▪ 1st response to bacterial/viral infections
▪ Remains in blood to kill bacteria
▪ Cell mediated immunity: apoptosis=death of cells
o T lymphocytes (thymus)
o Helper, Cytotoxic(killer), Memory, Suppressor (prevent hyperactivity)
o Cancer prevention/Transplant rejection
o Active immunity= creates memory b cells to produce antibodies if later infected
o Natural:
, Rasmussen NUR 2349 PN1 Exam 3 Q&A
o Artificial: vaccination
▪ Primary prevention
▪ To prevent serious and potentially deadly illnesses (tetanus, diphtheria, polio)
▪ Small amounts of specific antigens are places into your body; immune
system responds by actively making antibodies against the antigen.
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