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(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023
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(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023(NGN)...

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  • March 19, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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  • ngn ati comprehensive exit exam new 2023

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(NGN) ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM NEW 2023 ATI “Need to Know” Laboratory Values Serum Electrolytes Sodium (Na): 136-145 mEq/L; essential for maintaining acid -base balance, active and passive transport mechanisms, and maintaining irritability and conduction of nerve and muscle tissue. Potassium (K): 3.5-5.0 mEq/L; plays a vital role in cell metabolism, transmission of nerve impulses, functioning of cardiac, lung and muscle tissues, and acid -base balance. Calcium (Ca): 9.0-10.5 mg/dL Magnesium (Mg): 1.3-2.1 mEg/L Phosphorus (PO4): 3.4-4.5 mg/dL Chloride (Cl): 98-106 mEq/L Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) pH: 7.35 -7.45 PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg PaO2: 80-100 mmHg HCO3 (bicarbonate): 22-26 mmHg SaO2: 95-100%; <95% indicates hypoxemia. CBC RBC: males 4.7 -6.1 million/uL; females 4.2 -5.4 million/uL; decreased with liver disease. Hgb: males 14 -18 g/dL; females 12 -16 g/dL; decreased with liver disease. (hgb 12 -18 nclex) Hct: males 42 -52%; females 37 -47% (hct 36 -54 nclex) WBC: 5,000 -10,000 mm3; a healthy older adult may have a range of 3,000 -9,000 mm3. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): <20 mm/hour Serum lactate (lactic acid): 0.5-1.0 mmol/L WBC Differential Count: there are five types of WBCs. Laboratory analysis of circulating blood cells is called the differential. The differential is listed so that the percentage of the types of WBCs totals 100%. (Med -surg ATI; p. 936 -937) Neutrophils: 55-75% Lymphocytes (T & B Cells): 20-40% Monocytes: 2-8% Eosinophils: 1-4% Basophils: 0.5-1% Blood Lipid Levels Total serum cholesterol: desirable <200 mg/dL; screens for heart disease. Risk for cardiac or stroke event with levels >150 mg/dL is the target range for therapy and has been shown to be the cut point to decrease cerebrovascular or arterial incidences. LDL (low -density lipids): desirable <130 mg/dL; bad cholesterol. Can be up to 70% of total cholesterol. HDL (high -density lipids): males >45 mg/dL; females >55 mg/dL; good cholesterol. Triglycerides: desirable <150 mg/dL; males 40 -160; females 35135; older adults (over 65 years) 55 -220 mg/dL; evaluates for atherosclerosis. Anticoagulant Therapy Coagulation Times Therapeutic INR: 2.0-3.0 PT: 11-12.5 seconds; prolonged with li ver disease d/t decreased Liver Function Tests Albumin: 3.4-5.0 g/dL; can be lower with liver disease d/t the lack of hepatic synthesis. Ammonia: 15-45 mcg/dL; levels rise when hepatocellular injury (cirrhosis) prevents conversion of ammonia to urea for excretion. Total bilirubin: 0.1-1.0 mg/dL; bilirubin levels can become elevated in cirrhosis d/t the inability of the liver to excrete bilirubin. Indirect/unconjugated bilirubin: 0.2-0.8 mg/dL Total protein: 6-8 g/dL; can be lower with liver disease d/t the lack of hepatic synthesis. Prealbumin: 19-38 mg/dL; sensitive indicator of current nutritional status. Liver Enzymes Alanine Aminotransferase (A LT): 8-20 units/L; 3 -35IU/L; measures liver function. Becomes elevated d/t hepatic inflammation. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 5-40 units/L; measures liver function. Becomes elevated when the liver gets inflamed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 30-120 unit s/L; also measures liver function. Increases in cirrhosis d/t intrahepatic biliary obstruction. Urinalysis Specific gravity: 1.005 -1.030; indication of fluid status. Protein: 0-8 mg/dL Glucose: <0.5 g/day Ketones: none pH: 4.6-8 WBC: males 0 -3 per high -pow er field; females 0 -5 HPF Renal Function Serum creatinine: males 0.6 -1.2 mg/dL; females 0.5 -1.1 mg/dL; creatinine is a waste product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. As creatinine is produced, it's filtered through the kidneys and excreted in ur ine. Serum levels may increase d/t deteriorating kidney function, which may occur as a result of advanced liver disease. BUN: 10-20 mg/dL; elevated BUN 100 -200 mg/dL Creatinine clearance test (24 hour urine collection): males 90139 mL/min; females 80 -125 m L/min; decreased 50 mL/min; this is a calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is the best indicator of overall renal function. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): >90 mL/min; measures the filtration rate of kidneys, best indicator of kidney function. Decreased rate at 50 indicates glomerulonephritis. Blood Glucose Levels Glucose (fasting): 70-105 mg/dL; indication of carb metabolism. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c ): 4-6% is within the expected reference range. >8% indicates poor diabetes mellitus control. T3: 70-205 ng/dL; a high level of T3 is more diagnostic of hyperthyroidism than is T4. T4: 4-12 mcg/dL Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): 0.3-0.5 microunits/mL; can be elevated or decreased, must be looked at in context. For example,

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