PNUR 104 Week 1-5 NOTES Latest updated 2022/2023
WEEK 1
1) Develop and discuss personal definitions of health.
a) Health = State of being well + use every power to fullest extent
2) Define health as one of the concepts/components of the Nursing Metaparadigm.
a) Nursing Metaparadigm consist...
PNUR 104 Week 1-5 NOTES Latest updated 2022/2023
WEEK 1
1) Develop and discuss personal definitions of health.
a) Health = State of being well + use every power to fullest extent
2) Define health as one of the concepts/components of the Nursing Metaparadigm.
a) Nursing Metaparadigm consists of nursing theories addressing + specifying the r/s
among 4 major abstract concepts
1) Person / Client → recipient of nursing care, person receiving care
2) Environment → internal (physical body) / external (family, trees)
surroundings that affect client
3) Health → degree of wellness / wellbeing client experiences
4) Nursing → attributes, characteristics, actions of a nurse providing care on
behalf of, or working with or in partnership, with the client to achieve
health
3) Distinguish between the terms health, wellness, well-being, illness and disease.
a) Health → state of being well + use of every power to fullest extent
b) Wellness → state of well-being
c) Well-being → refers to one’s quality of life; one’s perception of being well
i) the well-being of an individual refers to their r/s w/ friends, family, etc.
ii) the well-being of society refers to people and the quality of interactions b/w
such as the education system or health care system
d) Illness → highly personal state + subjective; state of person’s physical,
emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning thought
to be diminished (ex. A cold)
e) Disease → changes in body functions resulting in reduction in abilities or
shortening of life (ex. diabetes)
4) Identify the indicators of well-being.
a) Work - may give purpose in life
b) Housing - affects well-being
c) Family - provides social, physical, + emotional support
d) Social Participation - strengthens social networks
e) Leisure - enjoyable activities reduce stress
f) Health - include mental + physical well-being
g) Security - threats to safety affects well-being
h) Environment - physical surrounding environment affect well-being
i) Financial Security - income affects well-being
j) Learning - education can improve quality of life
5) Review and differentiate between various historical models of health and wellness.
1. Clinical Model of Health
a. Health → absence of signs + symptoms of disease/injury
b. Illness → presence of signs + symptoms of disease/injury
c. People viewed as physiological systems w/ related functions
d. Focus on relief of signs/symptoms + elimination of malfunction/pain
2. Role Performance Model of Health
a. Health → individual’s ability to fulfill societal roles, to perform their work,
regardless if they have a clinical illness (ex. Deaf person)
b. Illness → inability to perform work
3. Agent-Host-Environment Model
a. Agent → environmental factor/stressor that w/ its presence/absence
, can lead to illness/disease (ex. ebola)
b. Host → person who may or may not be at risk of a disease; factors
influence host’s reaction agent (ex. Someone in contact w/ someone w/
ebola)
, c. Environment → external factors; can influence person’s development of
disease; physical vs. social
4. Illness-Wellness Continuum Model
a. Health → changing increasing levels of health + well-being + varies on
continuum; improvement in health occurs thru education, growth, +
awareness
b. Illness → decreasing levels of health/well-being; development of S&S,
disability, premature death
6) Discuss a brief overview of the contributions of selected Canadian documents to the socio-
environmental conceptualization of health (i.e. Lalonde Report, Epp Report, Ottawa Charter, Population
Health, Toronto Charter, Jakarta Declaration, Public Health Goals for Canadians)
a) Lalonde Report → Behaviour/Lifestyle, NO medicine; 4 Elements of Health:
1. Biology → genetics, family history, physical/mental health
2. Lifestyle → behaviour, response to internal/external stimuli
3. Environment → physical + social; surrounding individuals
4. Health care organizations → human/physical resources affecting
access + provision of healthcare services
b) Epp Report → challenges to health + inequities
i) 3 Promotional challenges
(1) Reducing inequities
(2) Increasing prevention
(3) Enhance coping
ii) 3 Health promotional mechanisms
(1) Self care
(2) Mutual aid
(3) Health environments
iii) 3 Health promotion implementation strategies
(1) Fostering public participation
(2) Strengthening community health services
(3) Coordinating health public policy
c) Ottawa Charter → Health = Resource of everyday living
i) Important for health → importance of a socio environmental approach, stressed
individuals + gov. / nongov. agencies need to work together in partnership for health
ii) Individuals + gov. + nongov. are responsible for one’s health
d) Strategies for Population Health / Population Health Promotion Model → determinants of health
= factors that affect/change health of a person; center of framework for Population Health
e) Jakarta Declaration → Primary Health Care, Social Justice, Community Empowerment
f) Toronto Charter → Social determinants of health + policy department
g) Population Health Approach Framework → identified elements that improve or increase health
h) Public Health Goals for Canada → Present
i) PAST to achieve population health + not just for individual health → PRESENT
social health determinants
ii)
7) Know the 15 Social Determinants of Health (HAS HUNGER IS FEED)
Housing Income / Income Distribution
Aboriginal Status Stress, Bodies, and Illness
Social Security
Food Insecurity
Health Services Employment
Unemployment Early Childhood Development
Gender Disability
Education
Race
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