1. The digestive system has three accessory organs that aid food breakdown: Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
2. The pancreas is the only organ with: Exorcine and endocrine functions
3. The exorcine function of the pancreas is to: Excrete digestive enzymes into
the small intestine
4. The enzymes...
1. The digestive system has three accessory organs that aid food break-
down: Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
2. The pancreas is the only organ with: Exorcine and endocrine functions
3. The exorcine function of the pancreas is to: Excrete digestive enzymes into
the small intestine
4. The enzymes include: Pancreatin, trypsin, maltase, amylase, and lipase
(P.T.M.A.L)
5. The liver has many important functions: - Produce bile
-Converts glucose to glycogen
- Stores fat soluble vitamins
- breaks toxins.
- Destroys old RBC
- synthesizes blood proteins
6. The liver produces: Cholesterol, coagulation, products and antibodies
7. The gallbladder located adjacent to the liver stores: Bile until needed in the
small intestine for digestion
8. Ball and socket joint: Ball like convex surface that fits into a concave shaped
socket.
Ex. Hip and shoulder joint
9. Three main types of blood vessels: Arteries, veins, capillaries
10. Arteries carry blood: Away from the heart *hint: away=anterior*
11. Veins carry blood: Back to the heart *hint veins=ventricular*
12. Capillaries: Carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels. *hint: capil-
laries=carry*
13. Blood is pumped from the heart to the: aorta
14. Arterioles: Aorta branches into other arteries which branch into smaller ves-
sels
15. The blood moves from arterioles to: Microscopic capillaries
16. What is exchanged through the thin walls of the capillaries?: Gases,
nutrients, and wastes
17. Venules: Blood which gave up on oxygen flows from the capillaries into tiny
veins
18. Venules branch together to form: Larger veins
, Hesi Anatomy EXAM 2022/2023 GRADED A
19. The blood is returned to the heart in the bodies...: Largest veins, superior
and inferior vena cava
20. With the exception of the pulmonary artery: Blood in the arteries is oxy-
genated
21. Except for the pulmonary vein: Blood in veins is deoxygenated
22. Arteries have a muscular layer of tissue that helps: Pump blood out of the
body
23. Veins have a much thinner: Muscular layer
24. Gravity and the muscles surrounding the veins help deliver: Blood back
to the heart
25. Veins have valves that prevent: Blood from flowing back, away from the heart
once it has moved forward
26. The brain is composed of: White and gray matter
27. Gray matter is made up of *brian: Neuron cell bodies and dendrites
28. White matter: Made up of bundles of nerve fibers (myelinated axons)
29. Largest area of the brain: Cerebrum
30. The cerebrum is divided into: Two hemispheres
31. The right hemisphere: Controls logical thinking processes
32. Left hemisphere: Controls creativity
33. Next largest segment of the brain: Cerebellum
34. Cerebellum: Helps control most of the muscle functions and movements of the
body
35. The brainstem connects the brain to the: Spinal cord
36. Three main areas of the brainstem: Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
37. The midbrain and pons are a collection of: Nerves that branch off into other
areas and serve as an intersection.
38. Medulla oblongata controls: Breathing, cardiac rate, force of contraction of
the heart and dilation of blood vessels
39. Wedged between the midbrain and the cerebrum are: The thalamus and
hypothalamus
40. the hypothalamus and thalamus are active when: They produce chemical
reactions throughout the body, linking the nervous system to the endocrine system
, Hesi Anatomy EXAM 2022/2023 GRADED A
41. What is the hypothalamus: A built-in thermostat and appetite center and
relays messages to the thalamus
42. What is the thalamus in charge of: sensory stimuli and for interpreting
messages via the nervous system and for relaying them to other areas. They also
initiate motor impulses from the cortex
43. Afferent neurons: Composed of neurons that have long axons and a short
axon. Transfers info via electrical impulse from the pns back to the cns
44. The nerves of the brain crisscross so that: The left side of the brain controls
the right side of the body.
45. Efferent neurons: After CNS receives a message, the nerve impulse is sent
through the efferent branch to a target cell
46. The neurons which compose the efferent branch have: Short dendrites and
a long axon
47. The dendrites and cell body of the efferent neurons are located: Within the
CNS and the axon becomes part of the PNS
48. The afferent and efferent nerves are attached by: The sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems
49. What are the 4 major functions of the spine: Provide support for the body,
allow movement, protect spinal cord, provide shock absorption
50. What should the spine find a balance between?: Structural stability and
movement
51. More stable a joint is: Less mobile it is
52. More mobile a joint is: Less stable it is
53. What is an example of structural support for the body: spine provides a
base of support for the head and transmits the entire weight of the head, arms,
neck, and trunk to the pelvis.
54. What are some examples of the movement of the spine?: when the move-
ments of all 25 spinal segmental levels are added up, the spine allows a great deal
of movement in, protect the spinal cord, provide shock absorption
55. What are the cells of the body arranged into?: tissue, and these tissues
form organs
56. What are the functions of the organ system?: meet basic vital requirements
and enable the body to perform complex functions
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