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Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020) Chapter 1-54 | All Chapters
Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020) Chapter 1-54 | All Chapters
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TEST BANKBiological Science
Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, & Jeff Carmichael
7th Edition Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Biology The Study of Life 1
Chapter 2 Water and Carbon The Chemical Basis of Life 19
Chapter 3 Protein Structure and Function 44
Chapter 4 Nucleic Acids and the RNA World 67
Chapter 5 An Introduction to Carbohydrates 87
Chapter 6 Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells 105
Chapter 7 Inside the Cell 135
Chapter 8 Energy and Enzymes An Introduction to Metabolism 155
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 183
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis 209
Chapter 11 Cell-Cell Interactions 236
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle 253
Chapter 13 Meiosis 282
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene 310
Chapter 15 DNA and the Gene Synthesis and Repair 345
Chapter 16 How Genes Work 365
Chapter 17 Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation 385
Chapter 18 Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria 410
Chapter 19 Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 420
Chapter 20 The Molecular Revolution Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers 439
Chapter 21 Genes, Development, and Evolution 466
Chapter 22 Evolution by Natural Selection 481
Chapter 23 Evolutionary Processes 507
Chapter 24 Speciation 531
Chapter 25 Phylogenies and the History of Life 556
Chapter 26 Bacteria and Archaea 594
Chapter 27 Diversification of Eukaryotes 608
Chapter 28 Green Algae and Land Plants 630
Chapter 29 Fungi 657
Chapter 30 An Introduction to Animals 677
Chapter 31 Protostome Animals 706
Chapter 32 Deuterostome Animals 735
Chapter 33 Viruses 763
Chapter 34 Plant Form and Function 783
Chapter 35 Water and Sugar Transport in Plants 801
Chapter 36 Plant Nutrition 818
Chapter 37 Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses 836
Chapter 38 Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development 856 https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuidesChapter 39 Animal Form and Function 876
Chapter 40 Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals 896
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition 918
Chapter 42 Gas Exchange and Circulation 951
Chapter 43 Animal Nervous Systems 984
Chapter 44 Animal Sensory Systems 1018
Chapter 45 Animal Movement 1035
Chapter 46 Chemical Signals in Animals 1050
Chapter 47 Animal Reproduction and Development 1072
Chapter 48 The Immune System in Animals 1109
Chapter 49 An Introduction to Ecology 1135
Chapter 50 Behavioral Ecology 1158
Chapter 51 Population Ecology 1181
Chapter 52 Community Ecology 1213
Chapter 53 Ecosystems and Global Ecology 1251
Chapter 54 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology 1285 https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides Biological Science, 7e (Freeman/Quillin/Allison) Chapter 1 Biology: The Study of Life 1) Which of the following is NOT related to the fiv e fundamental characteristics of life? A) A bacterial cell divides to produce two cells. B) Sugars are transported on carrier proteins into cells across the plasma membrane. C) Sugars are broken down inside cells to produce e nergy. D) The gene that specifies skin color in frogs is e xpressed during its development from a tadpole into an adult frog. E) Giraffes have longer necks so that they can reac h food sources unavailable to other animals. Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.1, 1.2 Section: 1.1 2) Pasteur's experiments proved that ________. A) cells cannot survive in swan-necked flasks B) in order to grow, cells need to be supplied with oxygen C) spontaneous generation can only occur if nutrien t broth is left open to the environment D) sterilizing nutrient broth prevents spontaneous generation E) preexisting cells present in the air can grow in sterilized nutrient broth Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.2 3) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous gener ation. If he had just warmed the nutrient rich broth, rather than boiled it, what would have been the likely outcome of his experiment? Cells would ________. A) not have appeared in either flask B) have appeared in both flasks C) have appeared in the swan-neck but not the strai ght-neck flask D) have appeared in the straight-neck but not the s wan-neck flask Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020)
1 | P a g e https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides 4) Spontaneous generation ________. A) was demonstrated to occur under normal laborator y conditions by Pasteur B) apparently occurred at least once–when life on E arth began C) occurs every time a new species evolves from a p reexisting species D) addresses the formation of new cells from existi ng cells Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.2 5) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter an d have structure similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction o ccurs when adults produce sperm and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa consists of just a single cell, however. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory t hat all organisms consist of cells. B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory t hat all cells come from preexisting cells. C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory. D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.2 6) Cells are ________. A) only found in pairs because single cells cannot exist independently B) limited in size to 200 and 500 micrometers in di ameter C) characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organisms D) characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic org anisms Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: SF V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.2 Section: 1.2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020)
2 | P a g e https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides 7) The cell theory states that all cells come from preexisting cells. If this is the case, why are the cells in a multicellular organism so different from one another? A) Cells in a multicellular organism are exposed to different energy sources allowing them to develop different features. B) During cell division, the genetic information th at is replicated and passed onto the daughter cells is different from the original cell. C) The genetic information of each cell is copied a nd passed on to the daughter cells and the molecular machinery that reads that genetic informa tion is different in each cell. D) The genetic information of each cell is copied a nd passed on to the daughter cells and the molecular machinery makes copies of particular gene s in different cells to generate different features in those cells. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: I V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.3 Section: 1.3 8) The discovery of the structure of DNA was useful because ________. A) it helped scientists understand how the informat ion in DNA could be used to acquire ATP for the cell B) it inferred that genetic information flowed from messenger RNA to DNA to protein C) it suggested a mechanism for copying and preserv ing the genetic material D) it revealed how mRNA was used to make proteins Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: SF V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.3 Section: 1.3 9) Double helical DNA ________. A) serves as a template for protein synthesis B) is used to synthesize messenger RNA C) contains two identical single strands of DNA D) must be accurately copied to ensure variation in organisms Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: I V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.3 Section: 1.3 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020)
3 | P a g e https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides 10) In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ______ __. A) do not require ATP for energy while eukaryotes d o require ATP B) are more closely related to archaea than eukaryo tes C) lack a nucleus, as do archaea, while eukaryotes have a nucleus D) are always single-celled while eukaryotes are al ways multicellular E) have chromosomes composed of single-stranded DNA , while eukaryotes have chromosomes composed of double-stranded DNA Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.3 Section: 1.3 11) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? A) Ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems B) Near universality of the genetic code C) Structure of the nucleus D) The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein E) The directionality of protein synthesis Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E, I V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.3 Section: 1.3 12) Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males wit h longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis t hat having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should ________. A) test whether other traits in these males are als o adaptive B) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamari ns C) determine if hair length is heritable D) test whether males with shaved heads are still a ble to mate Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.4 Section: 1.4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020)
4 | P a g e https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides The following experiment is used for the correspond ing question(s). A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when th e oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers. But caterpillars that hatch in su mmer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs. How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caugh t many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs. He put at leas t one egg from each female into eight identical cups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae fro m each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below. In each of the four environments, one of the caterp illars was fed oak flowers; the other, oak leaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets). 13) Refer to the figure above. Which one of the fol lowing is NOT a plausible hypothesis to explain the differences in caterpillar appearance o bserved in this population? A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the dev elopment of twiglike caterpillars. B) The cooler temperatures of spring trigger the de velopment of flowerlike caterpillars. C) Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. D) Differences in diet trigger the development of d ifferent types of caterpillars. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.4 Section: 1.4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020)
5 | P a g e https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides 14) Refer to the figure above. In every case, cater pillars that feed on oak flowers looked like oak flowers. In every case, caterpillars that were rais ed on oak leaves looked like twigs. These results support which of the following hypotheses? A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the dev elopment of twiglike caterpillars. B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, t rigger the development of different types of caterpillars. C) Differences in diet trigger the development of d ifferent types of caterpillars. D) The differences are genetic. A female will produ ce either all flowerlike caterpillars or all twiglike caterpillars. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.4 Section: 1.4 15) Refer to the figure above. Recall that eggs fro m the same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used. This aspect of the experimen tal design tested which of the following hypotheses? A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the dev elopment of twiglike caterpillars. B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, t rigger the development of different types of caterpillars. C) Differences in diet trigger the development of d ifferent types of caterpillars. D) The differences are genetic. A female will produ ce either all flowerlike caterpillars or all twiglike caterpillars. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.4 Section: 1.4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020)
6 | P a g e https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/AllStudyGuides 16) Recall the caterpillar experiment in which cate rpillars born in the spring looked like flowers, and caterpillars born in the summer looked like twi gs. What is the most likely selective advantage for this difference in body shape? A) Looking like their food sources allows the cater pillars to move through their environment more efficiently. B) Development into the adult moth form is faster f or caterpillars shaped like twigs than like flowers. C) Looking like their food source lets the caterpil lars blend into their surroundings, reducing predation. D) Looking like their food source will increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this would increase their growth rate and survival rate. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.4 Section: 1.4 17) Protists and bacteria are grouped into differen t domains because ________. A) protists eat bacteria B) bacteria cannot generate their own ATP, protists can C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack D) bacteria decompose protists E) protists lack the genetic diversity that bacteri a have Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding V&C Core Concept: SF, E V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 1.5 Section: 1.5 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________Test Bank - Biological Science, 7th Edition (Freeman, 2020)
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