NSG 5003 WEEK 1 QUIZ / NSG5003 WEEK 1 QUIZ: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (LATEST 2024/2025):SOUTH UNIVERSITY -Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells?
Potassium has a greater concentration in the ICF. Sodium has a greater concentration in the ECF.
The resting plasma m...
Question :
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of
cells?
Student Potassium has a greater concentration in the ICF.
Answer:
Sodium has a greater concentration in the ECF.
The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to
potassium.
An excess of anions is inside the cell.
Instructor Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to K+ than to
Explanation: Na+, K+ can easily diffuse from its area of higher concentration in the ICF
to its area of lower concentration in the ECF. Because Na+ and K+ are both
cations, the net result is an excess of anions inside the cell, resulting in the
resting membrane potential. The remaining options do not correctly
identify the process that most easily diffuses K+.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
-565503819 MultipleChoice 27 False
0 -565503819 MultipleChoice 27
0 -565503818 MultipleChoice 56
Question 3 Question :
. A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary
for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between:
Student Intracellular and extracellular Na+
Answer:
Intracellular and extracellular K+
Intracellular Na+ and extracellular K+
,Updated Solutions
Intracellular K+ and extracellular Na+
Instructor The ratio of K+ in the ICF to K+ in the ECF is the major determinant of the
Explanation: resting membrane potential, which is necessary for the transmission and
conduction of nerve impulses, for the maintenance of normal cardiac
rhythms, and for the skeletal and smooth muscle contraction. This is not true
of the other options.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
-565503817 MultipleChoice 87 False
0 -565503817 MultipleChoice 87
0 -565503816 MultipleChoice 92
Question 5 Question :
. What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?
Student Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis.
Answer:
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production.
Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP
production.
Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the
infrastructure.
Instructor The most serious consequence of plasma membrane damage is, as in
Explanation: hypoxic injury, to the mitochondria. An influx of calcium ions from the
extracellular compartment activates multiple enzyme systems, resulting in
cytoskeleton disruption, membrane damage, activation of inflammation,
and eventually DNA degradation. Calcium ion accumulation in the
mitochondria causes the mitochondria to swell, which is an occurrence
that is associated with irreversible cellular injury. The injured
mitochondria can no longer generate ATP, but they do continue to
accumulate calcium ions. The remaining options do not accurately
describe the consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
,Updated Solutions
Comments:
-565503815 MultipleChoice 42 False
0 -565503815 MultipleChoice 42
Question 6 Question :
. Current research supports the belief that after heart muscle injury,
the damage:
Student Remains indefinitely because cardiac cells do not reproduce
Answer:
Is repaired by newly matured cardiomyocytes
Gradually decreases in size as mitotic cell division occurs
Is replaced by hypertrophy of remaining cells
Instructor The recent discovery that cardiac stem cells exist in the heart and
Explanation: differentiate into various cardiac cell lineages has profoundly changed the
understanding of myocardial biology; it is now believed that bone marrow–
derived cardiac stem cells or progenitor cells that have the ability to mature
into cardiomyocytes may populate the heart after injury. The other options
do not accurately describe the process that is believed to occur to address
cardiac muscle damage.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
-565503814 MultipleChoice 59 False
Student Answer: Stealing the cell’s oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus
causing hypoxia
, Updated Solutions
Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the
cell membrane
Transferring one of their charged, stabilized atoms to the cell
membrane, which causes lysis
Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical
bonds of the cell membrane
Instructor A free radical is an electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having
Explanation: an unpaired electron. Having one unpaired electron makes the molecule
unstable; thus to stabilize, the molecule gives up an electron to another
molecule or steals one. Therefore it is capable of forming injurious
chemical bonds with proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates—key molecules in
membranes and nucleic acids. The remaining options do not accurately
describe the role played by free radicals in cell damage.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
-565503811 MultipleChoice 41 False
0 -565503811 MultipleChoice 41
0 -565503810 MultipleChoice 55
0 -565503809 MultipleChoice 21
Question 12 Question :
. The loss of the ATP during ischemia causes cells to:
Student Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca)
Answer:
Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl)
Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl)
Swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO)
Instructor A reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane’s sodium-potassium
Explanation: (Na+–K+) pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an
intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of
potassium out of the cell. (The Na+–K+ pump is discussed in Chapter 1.)
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