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MCD2601 PORFOLIO 2023
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MCD PORFOLIA
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OBJECTIVE:The main objective of the project is to design and simulate an 8051-microcontroller interfacing
16x2 LCD, keypad and DC Motor. The value of the speed should be entered via the keypad
shown into 16x2 LCD while changing the speed of the motor. The project will be using a
ULN2003 IC and the L293D Motor Driver to drive the stepper motor as the controller cannot
provide current required by the motor.
COMPONETS USED
AT89C51 (8051 Microcontroller) L293D Motor Driver
5V Bipolar Stepper Motor 16X2 LCD Display
11.0592 MHz Quartz Crystal Resistors X 2
Resistor Pack
33pF Ceramic Capacitors X 2 F/16V Capacitor
Push Buttons X 4 Resistor
5V Power Supply 4*3 keypad
Connecting wire Programing software
,PROCUDURE
First, the data pins of the LCD are connected to the PORT3 Pins of 8051. Since PORT3
any internal pull-up, a resistor pack is used to pull the PORT3 up. The RS and E Pins of LCD are
connected to P2.4and P2.6 of 8051.
Next, the oscillator. It consists of two 33pF Capacitors and an 11.0592 MHz Crystal connected
between XTAL1 and XTAL2 Pins of 8051.
Coming to the Motor Driver, the two enable pins and two supply pins are connected to +5V supply.
The four inputs are connected to PORT1 pins of 8051: P1.4, P1.5 and P1.6. The four pins of the DC
Motor are connected to the four out pins of L293D.
Three buttons are connected to PORT2 and PORT1 pins i.e. P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2. To control the
direction of the DC Motor.
The circuit consists of AT89C51 microcontroller, ULN2003A, Motor. AT89c51 is a low power,
high-performance, CMOS 8bit, 8051 family microcontroller that has 32 programmable I/O lines. It
has 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable memory. An external crystal oscillator is
connected to the 18 and 19 pins of the microcontroller. The motor is connected to the port1 of the
microcontroller through a driver IC.
, The ULN2003A is a current driver IC. It is used to drive the current of the stepper motor as it
requires more than 60mA of current. It is an array of Darlington pairs. It consists of seven pairs of
Darlington arrays with a common emitter.
The IC consists of 16 pins in which 7 are input pins, 7 are output pins and remaining are VCC and
Ground. The first four input pins are connected to the microcontroller. In the same way, four output
pins are connected to the stepper motor.
DC motor has 10 pins:
In these six pins, 2 pins are connected to the supply of 12V and the remaining are connected to the
output of the DC motor. It rotates at a given step angle. Each step-in rotation is a fraction of full
cycle. This depends on the mechanical parts and the driving method.
Similar to all the motors, DC motors will have a stator and rotor. Rotor has a permanent magnet and
the stator has a coil. The basic DC motor has 4 coils with 90 degrees rotation step. These four coils
are activated in the cyclic order. The below figure shows you the direction of rotation of the shaft.
There are different methods to drive a stepper motor. Some of these are explained below.
DC Motor
DC motor converts electrical energy in the form of Direct Current into mechanical energy.
In the case of the motor, the mechanical energy produced is in the form of a rotational movement of the
motor shaft.
The direction of rotation of the shaft of the motor can be reversed by reversing the direction of Direct
Current through the motor.
The motor can be rotated at a certain speed by applying a fixed voltage to it. If the voltage varies, the
speed of the motor varies.
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