Plant biology is a complex field that includes the study of plant anatomy, development, tissues, responses, adaptations, pathology, ethnobotany, and conservation biology. These topics are important for understanding the structure, growth, and survival of plants and their interactions with the envir...
1. Introduction: The anatomy of flowering plants refers to the study of the internal and
external structures of flowers and their associated parts. This chapter covers the various
structures of flowering plants and their functions.
2. Flowers: Flowers are the reproductive structures of flowering plants and are often brightly
colored and fragrant to attract pollinators. They are composed of several distinct parts,
including the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil.
3. Sepals: Sepals are the outermost layer of the flower and typically have a green color. They
protect the developing flower bud and often resemble leaves.
4. Petals: Petals are the colorful and often fragrant structures that are located within the sepal
layer. They are usually brightly colored to attract pollinators and are often used as a source
of food by insects.
5. Stamens: Stamens are the male reproductive structures of the flower and consist of a
filament and an anther. The filament supports the anther, which contains the male
reproductive cells (pollen).
6. Pistil: The pistil is the female reproductive structure of the flower and consists of the stigma,
style, and ovary. The stigma is the sticky surface that receives pollen, the style connects the
stigma to the ovary, and the ovary contains the female reproductive cells (ovules).
7. Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Flowering plants reproduce through the process of
pollination, in which the male reproductive cells from the anthers are transferred to the
stigma. This results in the formation of a seed, which can grow into a new plant.
8. Structure of Fruits: Fruits are the mature ovaries of flowering plants and are often used as a
dispersal mechanism for seeds. They can take many different forms, including berries,
drupes, and pomes, and are usually fleshy to attract animals for seed dispersal.
9. Structure of Seeds: Seeds are the reproductive structures of flowering plants and contain the
embryonic plant within a protective seed coat. They are adapted to survive adverse
conditions and germinate into a new plant when conditions are favorable.
10. Structure of Stems: The stem is the structural support of the plant and provides a pathway
for water, nutrients, and sugars to be transported between the roots and leaves. It also
helps to support the plant and keep it upright. The stem of a flowering plant can be divided
into several parts, including the cortex, phloem, and xylem.
11. Structure of Leaves: Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of the plant and play a
crucial role in energy production. They are typically flat and have a large surface area to
allow for maximum exposure to light. The structure of leaves includes the blade, petiole, and
veins.
12. Structure of Roots: The roots of flowering plants play a critical role in anchoring the plant in
the soil, absorbing water and nutrients, and storing food. They can be divided into several
parts, including the root cap, root hairs, and root meristem.
13. Transport in Plants: The transport of water, nutrients, and sugars within a plant is an
important process that helps to sustain plant growth and survival. This process is achieved
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller leiyangambasingha. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
