Summary
Sumario Biología 2ndo Bachillerato - Tema 2
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Resumen conciso y gráfico del segundo tema de biología en bachillerato que te ayudará a entender los conceptos
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Tema 2Composición química
● Los glúcidos están formados principalmente por carbono (C), hidrógeno (H) y oxígeno (O)
● Su fórmula general es (CH2O)n
Aldehído Cetónico
Todos los glúcidos presentan un grupo carbonilo (C=O), que puede ser un:
● Aldehído: CHO
● Cetónico: CO
Monosacáridos
● Glúcido con una sola unidad carbonilo; monómero de los polisacáridos
● Físicas: sólidos cristalinos e hidrosolubles, gracias a su polaridad
● Químicas: capaces de oxidarse (reductores)
● Otras: pueden aminarse (NH2), o se incorporan con fosfatos y sulfatos
Reacción de Fehling
● Disoluciones azules (CuSO4 . H2O)
● Cu2+: ganan e- y reducen al ión Cu+, formando óxido cuproso (Cu2O), que es de
color rojo
● CuSO4 → Cu2+ + (SO4)2-
Triosas
● Contienen tres átomos de carbono
● Gliceraldehído: C asimétrico, y con dos isómeros (L & D)
● Actividad óptica: desvío de la luz polarizada
● Desvían la luz hacia la derecha - dextrógiras
● Desvían la luz hacia la izquierda - levógiras
● Dihidroxiacetona: no tiene carbonos asimétricos, y sin actividad óptica
Tetrosas
● Contienen cuatro átomos de carbono
● Aldotetrosas: eritrosa y treosa; con dos carbonos asimétricos, y son
enantiomorfos
● Eritrulosa: 2 enantiómeros
Pentosas
● Contienen cinco átomos de carbono
● Cetopentosas: D-ribulosa - se fija al CO2 durante la fotosíntesis
● Aldopentosas: D-ribosa/desoxirribosa - forma parte del ADN
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