KIN 2501 - Dr. Jacobson Exam 2 all notes VERRIFED
Exam 2 All Notes Philosophical/Development of PE: European Traditions
I. Impact on Early US Education and Sport
a. Immigrants
i. Bringing sports with them
b. Homogenous communities
i. Immigrants lived in homogenous communities
ii. For examp...
kin 2501 dr jacobson exam 2 all notes verrifed exam 2 all notes philosophicaldevelopment of pe european traditions i impact on early us education and sport a immigrants i bringing sports with
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KIN 2501 - Dr. Jacobson Exam 2 all notes VERRIFED
Exam 2 All Notes
Philosophical/Development of PE: European
Traditions
I. Impact on Early US Education and Sport
a. Immigrants
i. Bringing sports with them
b. Homogenous communities
i. Immigrants lived in homogenous communities
ii. For example, if you go to New York City or San Fran, they have a
China Town, etc.
c. Traditions
i. Immigrants found success within their communities and they were able to
carry on their traditions in these communities
II. British Sporting Traditions
a. Sports divided along class lines
i. Different sports that the upper class would participate vs the lower class
ii. Not really evident in the U.S.
iii. The upper class would look at participating in sports that the students were
doing in school
1. Boys would go to private boarding school and would play
rugby, cricket, etc.
iv. Gambling type of sports were more for the lower class
1. Cockfighting
2. Boxing
b. The “sports builds character” idea
i. More like a philosophy
ii. Through participating in sports, young boys can learn world virtues –
being good leaders, learning sportsmanship, etc.
c. Scholastic sport (team sports in schools)
i. Sports were team sports
ii. Had sports at universities like Cambridge and Oxford
iii. Amateur sport as “clean,” professional as “dirty”
1. The British drew a line between amateur sports and professional
sports
2. Comes from the “sports builds character” idea
3. Amateur sports players, those just playing for the fun of it, were
not getting paid to do it
4. When professional sport came along and people were getting paid
to play, it tainted professional sports for a long time – “Why are
people getting paid now?”
a. See this in the Olympics too
III. Golf
,a. Paganica
, i. Resembles golf
ii. Ball and stick game
iii. Roman emperors would play this with a bent stick and a feather
stuffed ball
b. 1400s GOLFE played in Scotland
i. The Scotts used to train as archers because that’s how they
defended themselves in war
ii. Golf became so popular so they moved from archery to golf
iii. The Scotts were scared that they couldn’t defend themselves if they had
an invasion, so they had to ban golf for a while
c. 1500s Popularized by ruling class
i. Women play
ii. Mary, Queen of Scots
iii. Popularized by the ruling class
iv. Today, it is still an elitist sport
1. There are programs within the community to get young children
involved with playing golf
d. 1700s St. Andrews Royal and Ancient Golf Club
i. Introduced to US (South Carolina)
ii. Now, they’re going to have some universal rules about golf
iii. Published their first rule book on golf
1. Made it standard that you would play 18 holes
2. Changed from match play to stroke play
iv. Sustainability of sport:
1. Whether it’s PA’s, PT, etc., the sustainability is that they now
have a rule book and standards that everyone follows
2. Because of this, you can have tournaments, records, recognition,
etc. and it begins to grow worldwide
v. The first major golf tournament was played in about 1860 – the
British Open
IV. 18th Century
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
i. Great contributions to modern education
1. Individual and relationship with community should be tied
to education
a. One of his greatest contributions
ii. Educational process should be as “natural” as possible
iii. Education process for both boys and girls
iv. Education should be continuous – the development of the child’s
health was important for that child’s success in learning
v. If you had a good and healthy body, then you had every opportunity
to succeed
V. Germany’s Gymnastics Traditions
a. 1774: The Philanthropinum (Johann Basedow)
, i. Emphasized the use of senses in the learning process
ii. Opened up a school called the Philanthropinum
iii. Where Rousseau was an innovator in theory, Basedow was an innovator
in practice
iv. Controversial activist
v. Incorporated manual labor in the components of education
1. 3 hours of P.E.
vi. Johann Simon (gymnastic teacher)
1. Emphasized using the senses
2. First “modern” physical educator
3. Engaged in Greek gymnastics – running, jumping, wrestling,
apparatus (young)
4. Engaged in “knightly exercises” such as dancing, fencing,
riding, and vaulting on live horses
vii. Accepted today: specialists in physical education, outdoor activities
and specialized equipment
viii. Children were not always treated like children – treated like mini adults
1. Simon and Basedow treated the children as children
2. Took away the dresses they were wearing or the bowties the
boys were
3. Put them in play clothes to let them be children and not mini adults
4. When they got older, they would learn carpentry or camping
ix. People began to copy what they were doing at the school
x. School had some financial issues and shut down about 20 years later after
opening
b. Both Simon and Basedow thought that children would learn through their
senses c. Johann GutsMuths legitimized profession of PE with the quality of his
work
i. Gymnastics for the Young & Games and Exercise for the Body and Spirit
1. 2 books he wrote
2. Would describe what the norm for PE was in terms of curriculum
ii. Physical layout of the school
1. Ideal for outdoor activities, but with bad weather, he also built an
indoor facility
iii. Swimming was very important
1. Highly valued part of the education
iv. Led camping expeditions
v. He thought that the inside of a classroom was important
1. Wanted it ventilated and well lit
d. Fredrich Jahn (The Turnvater – “Father of Gymnastics”)
i. Expanded the gymnastics tradition
ii. Gymnastics as a vehicle for national pride, healthy nation
1. Defeated in a war so he thought that gymnastics would restore
pride and have a healthy nation
iii. When JFK was president, the guys came back from the Korean War – they
were not as prepared for war as they should have been
1. In the 60’s, they started the Presidents Physical Fitness Test
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