NR 503 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST 2023
Gordis definition of epidemiology (definition we'll use for this class)
-Ans-Study of determinants and distribution of disease WHO definition of health
-Ans-Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the abse...
Gordis definition of epidemiology (definition we'll use for this class) -Ans-Study of determinants and distribution of disease WHO definition of health -Ans-Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well -being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Also include emotional, environmental, and occupational well -being Goal of public health - Ans-Promote the health of the population through organized community efforts 3 assumptions of epidemiology -Ans--Disease, illness, and ill health not randomly distributed in population -Each individual has characteristics and behaviors that predispose them or protect against a variety of different diseases -Human disease has causal and preventive factors that can be identified 4 objectives of epidemiology -Ans-1. Describe extent of disease 2. Identify etiology of disease as well as explain causal factors and modes of transmission 3. Establish natural history or baseline of disease 4. Control occurrence of disease by evaluating existing and emerging interventions as well as develop policy to incorporate most effective intervention Epidemiology is to what as a physician is to a patient? -Ans-Community or population What's the main role of epidemiology? -Ans-Link undesirable outcomes to causes so that a means to prevent these outcomes can be developed Significance of Hippocrates in epi -Ans-Father of medicine Coined concept of epidemic and endemic John Graunt in epidemiology -Ans-Organized reported deaths, created records, ultimately creating an annual Bills of Mortality James Lind in epidemiology -Ans-Studied scurvy among those who live by the sea First good epidemiological design; divided subjects into pairs and administered different diets Edward Jenner in epidemiology -Ans-Created small pox vaccine from cow pox bits William Farr in epidemiology -Ans-Created modern vital records by compiling annual births, marriages, and death records and conducting extensive testing with these findings What's variolation? -Ans-Giving person little bit of disease in order for them to build anti bodies against it Ignaz Semmelweis in epidemiology -Ans-Recognized difference in deaths due to child bed fever between 2 hospitals Proposed antiseptic protocol John Snow in epidemiology -Ans-Investigated deaths around Broadstreet pump and figured out there was a cholera outbreak Robert Koch -Ans-Discovered microorganisms cause disease and came up with Koch's Postulates What are the 4 Koch's Postulates? -Ans-1. Organism must be found in every case 2. Must be able to be cultured 3. Culture must reproduce disease 4. Must be able to recover microorganisms from experimentally diseased host Alexander Fleming -Ans-Penicillin Alexander Langmuir -Ans-Epidemiological Intelligence Service (EIS) of CDC Wade Hampton Frost -Ans-Quantification of disease and cohort analysis What 3 factors do public health officials look at in order to identify potential risk factors? -Ans- Who, when, where Definition of nosocomial -Ans-Relating to an outbreak occurring in a hospital Definition of zoonotic -Ans-Disease relating to animals Zoonosi s-Ans-Infection between animals and humans Epizootic -Ans-Animal epidemic 3 types of prevention -Ans-Primary, secondary, tertiary Definition and example of primary prevention -Ans-Action to prevent disease
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