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HISTORY 1301 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE.
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History Exam 2Origins of American Politics
-1607 when Jamestown1 was founded, there weren’t really Americans but still they were British
who was being represented.. then Roanoke.. but it disappeared then american independence .
we are English and the rights that were taken away were English Rights
1. American Revolution
a. Political Culture
i. Def. The set of ideas held by a vast majority on how government should
work
ii. We determine who get the votes by who has the majority of votes bc
majority of the people are happy… there are somethings that we do that
its just the way that is and sometimes it doesn’t seem right
iii. Power and Human Nature
a. If you are left alone, you will do the right thing majority of
the time
b. English thought that people were inherently good not bad
c. Must have both in society
d. Power Corrupts
2. Innocent until proven guilty (it used to be that you were guilty
until proven innocent) the English didn’t want you to have a fair
trial, they didn’t want the defendant to have a fair trial..
prosecution has to do an extremely good job to convict you… the
government has the power to force.
3. Jury trial
a. They needed to take the decision away from the judge
because he might be influenced by pay or something
b. Its up to your community to make the decision, back then
the jury needs to be of people you know
c. Now, you cant know the persona or have any financial
stake
4. Double Jeopardy- once convicted, you may not be tried for the
same crime again (false)
a. You cant be tried for the same crime twice
b. Reality: once you are acquitted (found innocent) you cant
be tried for the same crime again
5. Privacy
6. Private Property
a. By protecting your wealth, you protect your liberty
7. Ex Post Facto
a. You cant make retroactive laws to punish people.. for a
conviction to be valid you had to do something against the
law when you did it
i. Sovereignty
1. Def. the locus (source) of power in a political system
, a. Types of systems and sovereigns
i. Monarchy- king or queen
ii. Dictatorship- dictator
iii. Oligarchy- powerful few
iv. Theocracy- religious leaders
v. Democracy- the people (United States)
2. Exercise of sovereignty
a. Voting
3. History of Changes
a. 1630
i. Boston Massachusetts- puritains settles them. The
People… We The People/Citizens/Sovereigns
ii. Voter: man, white, own land* or own a significant
amount of other property/ aka wealthy, you have
to be a member of the church.. church membership
is the first one to challenge
b. 1680- eliminate the church requirement because 50 years
later, there are hardly anymore puritains…. Requirments:
white, male, property owner.. they are not letting poor
people vote (poor people are immoral)
c. 1820: no more property requirements because Andrew
Jackson has become president and he brings in the
Jacksonian Age (the transition from the elite to the people
in the nation) common people- the people in charge keep
giving up more and more of their power. This is the
peaceful transition of power and the increasing influence
of sovereignty ... everything was changing peacefully to
give up power
d. 1860- only white men… women are saying that is not fair.
Most of political activists are working towards slavery and
abolition
e. 1919- women are angry and they want to get rid of of
alcohol (prohibition).. women were the noble and spiritual
protectors of the family. Women are more spiritual and
pure and tell liars
f. 1920-
g. 1970-vietnam war, drafting young men into the war to
fight and potentially die… war ends in close proximity with
age of voting at 18 (women can too)
h. abortion- it was legal in the 1980s… today abortion is a hot
political issue (some things come back into political
spotlight)
i. gays- gay people will be allowed to marry in your lifetime
and adopt children
, j. bargaining for votes- important bc when we dropped the
voting age to 18 they said that we weren’t smart
enough/immature/parents/easily bribed/too
emotional/no wealth/no property…. Could be any age,
there is no possible set of guidelines that would actually
work for everyone so sometimes they just say they have to
draw the line
k. Current Issues
b. 1763
2.2
1. British Empire 1607-1776
a. Era of Neglect, 1607-1660 (1)
i. Majority of colonies made for economic reasons and religious reasons
ii. Salutary neglect
1. People are ignored but still under the influence of the government
b. Era of Mercantilism, 1660-1760
1. Change because of economics
2. System where the colonies start to become centers of wealth bc
they would provide cheap raw materials where they would be
sent to mother country and made there to be sent to the rest of
the world and even back to the colonies
3. Cash scarcity takes place with the European world… the Chinese
markets would be trade and the one thing that we had the gold
and silver so we would trade those for there goods
4. A lot of silver in europe… cotton and tabacco was the gold
of the colonies
5. European launched raids to steal gold and silver and they were
given marks so that the pirate can legally go attack the enemy of
the country to give the spoils to the government and keep the rest
for himself
6. British are getting more and more Spanish silver
ii. Navagation Acts
1. 1660, 1663, 1673
2. protect the English trade between the mother country and the
colonies
3. enumerated articles- a list of items that were critical to the
economy of the empire: sugar, cotton, tobacco, trees, rice, indigo,
(trees that grew very tall and very straight- the tree helps the ships
turn better for the british navy only)
a. who caries these goods? The british doesn’t have enough
ships so they hire French, dutch, Spanish captains do it.
They realized that they could go anywhere else than
Britain.
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