Chapter 1 (Cell Biology) organised summary for IB Biology Course, HL or SL.
It contains:
1.1
Introduction to cells
1.2
Ultrastructure of cells
1.3
Membrane structure
1.4
Membrane transport
1.5
The origin of cells
1.6
Cell division
Used Kognity/Pearson's book/class notes
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,9. A
cell
theory
}
n all organisms are composed of 1 or t cells atypical cells
2 Cells are the smallest units of life -
striated muscle cell ( multinucleated)
3 all cells come from pre -
existing cells
.
Algae -
Acetabular ia (no subdivision , giant , complex)
.
A septate fungal (multiple nuclei ,
shared cytoplasm)
functions of life
in (unicellular) . . . Paramecium chlamidomonas
•
metabolism Produce enzymes → chemical reactions in cytoplasm
-
growth ↑ size accumulating minerals photosynthesis → minerals
-
reproduction asexually → mitosis or sexually → meiosis
-
response react to stimuli react to stimuli
- homeostasis keep at conditions within limits
nutrition photosynthesis
digestion → vesicles food by
-
own
excretion products → diffuse → diffuse out
waste out waste products
-
magnification
4000 nm (nanometres) =
1µm ( micrometre)
9000µm =
11mm
size
of
e. 9 : calculate diameter of cell :
drawing
a) calculate magnific n with scale bar
µ µ
:
⑤
• •
size
= ʰ = = 375 × actual
actual 40µm 40µm
☆t
intern magnific .
size
140µm , 2) calculate diameter
size =
-64km = =
170µm
Mag -
375
surface to volume ratio
cell grows → volume 3) SAZ → molecules can't get in / out
cell differentiation
↳ cell will become specific cell bc Of
type of .
gene expression
stem cells
-
undifferentiated cell that can form more cells of the =
type ,
and others by differentiation
Toti potent : can differentiate into any type of cell ( can give rise to whole organism)
pluripotent : can differenciate into ad body cells
" " "
multipotent :
fed closely related body cells
" " "
vni potent :
associated cell type
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