chemotherapy biotherapy certification | 95 questions and answers resources nccnorg cancerorg lesson 1 cell cycle g1 increase in size s dna replicated g2 cell enlarge and ready to divide m phase
Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification | 95 Questions
And Answers
Resources
nccn.org
cancer.org
LESSON 1: Cell cycle
g1- increase in size
s- dna replicated
g2- cell enlarge and ready to divide
m phase- 2 hours
mitosis
4 stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
-chemo targets certain points in the process
apoptosis
programmed cell death
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells & how cells differentiate
-myeloid: pre cells mature into RBCs, platelets and WBCs
-lymphoid: pre cells- mature into WBCS
Principles of Biotherapy: p51-95 immunology
-defense against foreign organisms, homeostasis (destroy aged cells), surveillance
immune responses
innate: primary line of defense, non specific, no memory
adaptive: secondary line of defence with specific memry
cytokines
-effect growth and differentiation of WBC
-interferons, tumor necrosis factors, growth factos and interleukins
-small protein molecules released by cells throughout body providing comunication
between cells of the immune system
-regular antiboddy production and function of b cells
vaccines for cancer prevention
-hep B prevents hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma
-hpv vaccine
filgrastim aka neupogen
SC or IV to derease infection in patients with neutropenic fever associated with
myelosuppressive anticancer treatments for nonmyeloid malignancies
tbo-filgramstim/ pegfilgrastim
reduce duration of neutroenia in patients with non myeloid malignancies
palifermin
IV to dec incidence of oral mucositis in patients with hem malignanies before BMT
sargramostim
aka leukine - patients with AML following chemo to shorten neutrophil recovery and
reduce incidence of infection
IFN gamma
, reduce frequency and severity o infections related to granulomatous disease
aldeleukin
treat renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma
oprevelkin
prevent severe thrombocytopenia and refuce need for platelet transfusions in patients
with nonmyeloid malig
plerixafor
with filgrastim to mobilize hematopoeitc stem cells for collection from peripheral blood of
patients
sipuleucel
castrate resistant prostate cancer
rituximab
rituxan- treatment of relapsed or refractory low grade follicular b cell NHL_ first line
traetment in combo with chemo in patients with response
-can treat severe rheumatoid arthritis
-can have severe reactions (hypotension, urticaria, angiodema, hypoxia, rigors,
dyspnea, chills, fever, nausea, rash, renal tox)
-premed with tylenol and benadryl
-slow infusion to resolve some side effects, side effects reduce with each infusion
immune system
1st line: skin , ucous membrane, gut flora
second line: phagocytes:
3rd line antibodies, t and b cells
malignant tumor (cancer)
cell strcuture different from parent tissue, cell division uncontrolled, loosely adherent,
invade neighboring tissue, establish blood vessels
Approaches to treatment
cure: prolonged absence of disease
control: no further growth
and palliation : comfort
neoadjuvant
therapy in the first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment) surgery is given
-chemo, radiation, hormone therapy
adjuvant
therapy given afer primary treatment to lower risk of cancer coming back
-chemo, radiation, hormone, targeted and biologic therapy
myeloblation
obliteration of bone marrow with chemo in prep for blood stem cell or bone marrow
trasnplant to destroy blood forming cells in the marrow and reduce tumor burden -
destroy immune system so it cannot attack donated cells after transplant
nonmyeloblative
not as intense, chemo doses are not as intense
LESSON 2: Alkylating Agents
-cytoxan
-ifosframide
-bendamustine
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