These notes are compiled using the textbook, lecture notes, and study outcomes. They are easy to understand and include diagrams. All of the visual material used in the textbook and in lectures are also included.
DEFINITION Involves forming a memory Involves maintaining encoded Involves recovering
code information in memory over information from memory
time stores
ANALOGY TO
INFORMATION
PROCESSING
BY A
COMPUTER
Entering data through a Saving data files on a hard Calling up the files and
keyboard disk displaying data on a monitor
Encoding: Getting Information into Memory
1. The role of attention
2. Levels of processing
3. Enriching encoding
2. Levels of Processing
→ Attention = critical to the encoding of memories
→ Not all attention is created equal – can attend to things in different ways / focus on different aspects of
stimulus input
→ Qualitative differences in way people attend to information – important factors that influence how much
we remember
→ Fergus Craig and Robert Lockheart
○ Proposed incoming information can be processed at different levels
○ Maintained that in dealing with verbal information – people engage in 3 progressively deeper levels
of processing
a. Structural encoding
b. Phonemic encoding
c. Sematic encoding
Level of Processing Type of encoding Example of questions to elicit
appropriate encoding
Structural Encoding:
Is the word written in capital
Shallow Processing Emphasises the physical
Depth of Processing
letters?
structure of the stimulus
Phonemic Encoding:
Does the word rhyme with
Intermediate Processing Emphasises what a word weight?
sounds like
Semantic Encoding: Would the word fit in the
Deep Processing Emphasises the meaning of sentence?
the verbal input “He met a _____ on the street”
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller inkedseas. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.87. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
