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Lab Report 2 - Standing Waves

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Lab Report two sample for Physics 204. Includes extended descriptions for Introduction, Methods, Calculations, Discussion, and Conclusion to help ensure full marks in your reports. Please beware plagiarism as you look the document over and for any questions, refer to your TA.

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  • January 23, 2023
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Experiment 2: Standing Waves

Introduction:

From the physical waves we see in the ocean to the invisible waves that help us see and

hear in our daily lives, waves are no doubt a very integral part of our world. There are two types

of waves: transverse and longitudinal waves. Transverse waves look like ocean waves while

longitudinal waves operate via compressions and rarefactions as in sound waves. In general, a

transverse wave is defined as a wave in which the direction of displacement is perpendicular to

its direction of travel. Our focus in this lab are transverse waves, or more specifically, standing

transverse waves.

Standing waves are waves created by vibrations that allow waves to remain “standing” at

certain sections of the string. Because of this, there will be points on the string that will remain

completely still called “nodes.” By analyzing transverse waves as they appear on a string, we

will be able to investigate how the physical properties of a string such as length affect its

behavior, in terms of wavelength and frequency, while undergoing oscillatory motion.

Procedure:

First, as a warmup, a string was held until it was barely taut and plucked to observe the

wave formed by the movement.

For Experiment 1, equipment including a string tied to a frequency generator and weight

attached to a pulley was set up and used as shown in Figure 2. The string was set up so that two

100 g weights were placed at the pulley end of the string. To conduct the experiment, the remote

controlling the frequency generator was turned on and the frequency knobs were adjusted till

frequency resonance and a single antinode, n = 1, was observed. The frequency necessary to

achieve n = 1 was noted down and the wavelength of the wave was measured. This same process

, 2


was repeated four more times to find the frequencies at which two, three, four, and then five

antinodes could be observed. Their respective wavelengths were measured as well.

Finally, a table was constructed to represent the respective wavelengths and frequencies

achieved at each antinode. A scatterplot was created to represent this relationship as well.

Data:

Table 1: The relationship between the frequency of a wave and the number of antinodes and

wavelengths produced.

Number of antinodes, n Wavelength, λ (m) Frequency, f (Hz)
1 2.12 15
2 1.06 31
3 0.71 45
4 0.53 60
5 0.42 74

Relationship Between 1/n and Wavelength
1.4

1.2

1

0.8
1/n




y = 0.4717x - 2E-16
0.6
R² = 1
0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Wavelength (λ)




Figure 1. Scatter Plot of the relationship between wavelength, λ (horizontal axis) and 1/n

(vertical axis). Equation of the plot is y = 0.4717x – 2E-16.

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