100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
Previously searched by you
BIOLOGY 225 MIDTERM 1 FORM AND FUNCTION OF ORGANISMS IN ANIMALS CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY 2023 COMING SEMESTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL TEST BANK$12.99
Add to cart
BIOLOGY 225 MIDTERM 1 FORM AND FUNCTION OF ORGANISMS IN ANIMALS CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY 2023 COMING SEMESTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL TEST BANK
51 views 1 purchase
Course
BIOL 225
Institution
Concordia University (
)
Textbook Readings Chapter _ 32
Animal Diversity
Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers
Animals are a diverse monophyletic group with 34 major animal phyla
About 1.3 million species of animals living
Three characteristics de�...
biology 225 midterm 1 form and function of organisms in animals concordia university 2023 coming semester exam study guide with practice questions and answers full test bank
Written for
Concordia University (
)
Unknown
BIOL 225
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
smartzone
Reviews received
Content preview
lOMoAR cPSD| 6353920
BIOLOGY 225 MIDTERM
1 FORM AND FUNCTION
OF ORGANISMS IN
ANIMALS CONCORDIA
UNIVERSITY 2023
COMING SEMESTER
EXAM STUDY GUIDE
WITH PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL TEST
BANK
,
, lOMoAR cPSD| 6353920
Textbook Readings
Chapter _ 32
Animal Diversity
❖ Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from
embryonic layers
❖ Animals are a diverse monophyletic group with 34 major animal phyla
❖ About 1.3 million species of animals living
❖ Three characteristics define the entire group
1. Mode of nutrition
2. Cell structure and specialization
3. Reproduction and development
❖ Nutritional Monde
❖ Animals are heterotrophs
❖ They cannot construct all their own organic molecules
❖ They obtain organic molecules from their food, that they
ingest and digest within their bodies
❖ Cell Structure and Specialization
❖ Animals are multicellular eukaryotes
❖ They lack cell walls
❖ Their bodies are held together by structural proteins such as
collagen
❖ Nervous tissue and muscle tissues are unique, defining
characteristics of animals
❖ Reproduction and Development
❖ Most animals reproduce sexually with diploid stage usually
dominating the life cycle
❖ A sperm fertilizes an egg, zygote undergoes tepid cell division
called cleavage
❖ Cleavage leads to multicellular and hollow blastula
❖ Blastula undergoes gastrulation forming a gastrula with different
layers of embryonic tissues
❖ Endoderm of archenteron becomes the alimentary canal (the lining
go the digestive tract)
❖ Molecular control of gastrulation conserved among diverse animal
groups
❖ Most animals have at least one larval stage
❖ A Larva is a sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult
❖ It eventually undergoes metamorphosis to become a juvenile
❖ A juvenile resembles an adult but is not yet sexually mature
❖ Hox genes regulate development of body form. They are highly conserved but over time
have undergone duplication.
❖ Hox-gene set contains up to 13 genes.
❖ Invertebrates have a single copy of this
❖ 13-gene set
❖ Vertebrates have 4 copies.
❖ Hence, vertebrates have more complex cells, tissues and organs.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 6353920
❖ Neoproterozoic Era (1 Billion–542 Million Years Ago)
❖ Early members of the animal fossil record include the Ediacaran biota, which dates from
565 to 550 million years ago
❖ Paleozoic Era (542–251 Million Years Ago)
❖ The Cambrian explosion (535 to 525 million years ago) marks the earliest fossil appearance
of many major groups of living animals
❖ Most of the fossils from the Cambrian explosion are of bilaterians, organisms that have the
following traits:
❖ Bilaterally symmetric form – Complete digestive tract
❖ One-way digestive system
❖ The Burgess Shale site in B.C. is rich in fossils from approximately 505 million years ago
❖ Several hypotheses regarding cause of Cambrian explosion and decline of Ediacaran biota
❖ New predator-prey relationships
❖ A rise in atmospheric oxygen
❖ The evolution of Hox gene complex
❖ Animal diversity continued to increase through Paleozoic, but punctuated by
mass extinctions (4 extinction events)
❖ Animals began to make an impact on land by 460 million years ago
❖ Mesozoic Era (251–65.5 Million Years Ago)
❖ The first mammals emerged: tiny nocturnal insect eaters
❖ During Mesozoic era, dinosaurs were dominant terrestrial vertebrates.
❖ Flowering plants and insects diversified
❖ Cenozoic Era (65.5 Million Years Ago to the Present)
❖ The beginning of the Cenozoic era followed mass extinctions of both terrestrial and marine
animals
❖ These extinctions included the large, nonflying dinosaurs and marine reptiles
❖ Mammals increased in size and exploited vacated ecological niches
❖ The global climate cooled
❖ Body Plans
❖ A set of morphological and developmental traits
❖ Symmetry
❖ Tissues
❖ Body Cavities
❖ Protostome and Deutrostoem Development
❖ Symmetry
❖ Lack of Symmetry
❖ Radial Symmetry
❖ No front back or left or right
❖ Sessile or planktonic (drifting or weak swimming)
❖ Bilateral Symmetry
❖ Dorsal = Top
❖ Ventral = Bottom
❖ Anterior = head
❖ Posterior = tail
❖ Left and right sides
❖ Cephalization, development of a head.
❖ Move actively and have a central nervous system
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller smartzone. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
