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Grade 12 IEB Life science/biology strand 3: (3.1) DNA - Code of life summary $4.67   Add to cart
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Grade 12 IEB Life science/biology strand 3: (3.1) DNA - Code of life summary

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  • Course
  • Life Sciences
  • Institution
  • 12th Grade

This aesthetic, in-depth, neatly typed document summarises 3.1 of strand 3 of the IEB grade 12 Mind Action Series textbook: DNA - Code of life. It includes the full 3.1 Code of life syllabus as well as additional class notes, own research notes and all relevant diagrams.

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Document information

  • January 4, 2023
  • 10
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • ieb
  • matric
  • grade 12
  • life science
  • biology
  • aesthetic
  • strand 3
  • dna
  • code of life
  • diagrams
  • 31
  • notes

Written for

  • 12th Grade
  • Life Sciences
  • 200
All documents for this subject (1038)

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DNA - The Code of Life
• Nucleic acids (molecules of life) - controls synthesis of proteins & structure and functioning of

organisms

• Nucleic acids in cells:

- Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)

- Ribonucleic acid



Deoxyribonucleic acid:

• Francis Crick & James Watson

• Found in nucleus of cells & forms part of chromosomes that make up chromatin network

Chromatin: Chromosomal material made up of DNA, RNA and histone proteins as found in a non-

living cell.

• DNA coiled to t inside nucleus (2 metres long)

• Extranuclear DNA: Small amounts of DNA in mitochondria

• DNA molecule: 2 strands twisted into 3D double helix




• 46 chromosomes in a cell: (23 homologous pairs)

• DNA molecule = polymer made up of monosomes (nucleotides)

Histones: Proteins that chromosome material coils around

• Nucleotide made up of:

- Sugar molecule (deoxyribose)

, - Phosphate molecule

- Nitrogenous base: (adenine, thymine & guanine, Cytosine)

• 4 bases = foundation of genetic code

• 4 di erent bases = 4 di erent nucleotides




• Double helix made up of:

- 2 outer strands = chain of altering sugar links with strong bonds

- Rungs of helix = pairs of bases attached to sugar molecules (base can't attach to phosphate)

• Shape and size of 4 bases di er so that:

- Adenine and thymine bond by 2 hydrogen bonds (A double hydrogen bonded to T)

- Cytosine and guanine bond by 3 hydrogen bonds (C triple hydrogen bonded to G)

• 2 groups of nitrogenous bases:

- Purines: 2 fused rings of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen atoms eg. Adenine and Guanine

- Pyrimidines: 1 ring of similar atoms eg. Thymine and Cytosine

• Base pair is always made up of 1 purine and 1 pyrimidine




• Base di erentiation in organisms:

- 4 nucleotides in di erent sequences

- Sequence of nucleotides determines genetic code

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