Advanced molecular immunology and cell biology (AM_470656)
Class notes
Lecture 4. Autoantibodies and chronic inflammation (AM_470656)
6 views 0 purchase
Course
Advanced molecular immunology and cell biology (AM_470656)
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Book
The Immune System
Information on the basis of antibodies, function, role in vaccination and development of auto-antibodies. Antibodies as experimental tools, clinical drugs and engineering.
Lecture 9. The immune system in the brain (neuro-immunology) (AM_470656)
Lecture 7. Immune response to glycolipids and polysaccharides (AM_470656)
Lecture 6. Immune deficiencies (AM_470656)
All for this textbook (10)
Written for
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Biomedical Sciences
Advanced molecular immunology and cell biology (AM_470656)
All documents for this subject (24)
Seller
Follow
nuriafarras
Content preview
Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology
Lecture 4. Autoantibodies and chronic inflammation
INDEX
1. Antibody basics .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Structure of the ab.............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.3. Behavior of the antibodies ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. IgA ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1. IgA and M cells ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.1. Fc receptors ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
4.1. Example, systemic lupus eruthematosus (SLE) .................................................................................................................................... 5
4.2. Antibodies in Rheumatoid arthritis ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Case ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
4.3. Linear IgA bullous disease (LABD) ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
5. Antibodies as experimental tools ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
6. Antibody as clinical drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.1. Neutrophils as effector cells ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
8. Mechanisms and improvement ................................................................................................................................................................. 10
9. Take home messages ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
, 1. ANTIBODY BASICS
There is an antigen presenting cell presenting to the CD4 helper
cell, that helps activate the B cell. These with the help of cytokines
turn into plasma cells and is able to secrete antibodies and they
loose the B cell receptor and they bind to the antigen. Later we
get a pool of the memory B cells. It is important to know that the
B cell receptor that binds the antigen is the same as the Ab
secreted (otherwise it would not recognize the ag anymore).
We have a primary and later response.
- When we get in contact with the 1st antigen exposure we produce IgM (1st response) and after we get somatic
hypermutation (higher affinity) and isotype switching (to get IgGs).
- After some time, the abs get eliminated and this time depends on the type of ab. In the case of SARS they are eliminated
a not long after the infection, this makes
the infection possible after the 1st one.
- If we get exposed a second time with the
same antigen, we have a quicker (faster
IgM and specially IgG) and higher affinity
response due to the memory cells.
In the case of measles, we get immunized naturally
or with vaccination and the protection is life-long.
This is not the case with all pathogens.
1.1. STRUCTURE OF THE AB
There are 2 heavy and 2 light chains that bind the same. Both have a variable domain
that is where the antigen binds (top part). There is a constant region that contains the
Fc region (important for the effector function).
For instance, immune cells express Fc receptors that bind the Fc tail. The complement
system can also bind the Fc tail, but the pathogen is bound by the variable domain.
Antibody engineering is used.
1.1.1. ISOTYPES
There are 5 major classes (M, D, G, A and E) and multiple subclasses (specially for
IgG: 1, 2, 3 and 4; IgA1 and IgA2). They all have different functions and some are
different:
- IgM is a large molecule, it is a pentamer coupled with the J chain.
o It is good as a platform for complement binding (good at
activating complement) but it is too large to diffuse into tissues.
→ It is a tread off in the things we can get from an antibody.
Serum levels:
- IgG are in high concentration, this molecule has a long ½ life. This two
things are related, because if there is a high half-life then the molecules
doesn’t get broken down that easily and there is more in the serum.
1
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller nuriafarras. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.88. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
