Summary
comprehensive Summary chapter 16 silverthorn human physiology
- Course
- Institution
- Book
comprehensive summary
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Test Bank - Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach 8th Edition ( Dee Unglaub Silverthorn,2024) Chapter 1-26||All Chapters || Latest Edition
-
Test Bank for Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 8th Global Edition by Silverthorn, All Chapters 1 to 26 complete Verified editon ISBN:9781292259543
-
Test Bank for Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 8th Global Edition by Silverthorn, All 1-26 Chapters Covered ,Latest Edition, ISBN:9781292259543
Seller
Follow
Anoniemxxxx
Content preview
Fleur sam. Ch 1616.1 plasma and the cellular elements of blood
Blood is a connective tissue composed of cellular elements suspended in an
extensive fluid matrix called plasma.
Plasma makes up 1/4th of the ECF, the internal environment that bathes cells and
acts as buffer between cells and external environment.
Blood is the circulating portion of the extracellular compartment, responsible for
carrying material from 1 part of the body to another.
Blood is equal to about 7% of the total body weight.
1 kg of blood occupies a volume of 1 L (so 70 kg man, has 0.07 x 70= 4.9 kg blood
weight, = about 5 L of blood).
Of this volume, about 2 L is composed of blood cells, while the remaining 3 L is
composed of plasma, fluid portion of the blood.
Plasma is the fluid matrix of the blood, within which cellular elements are suspended.
- Water is the main component of plasma, accounting for about 92% of its weight.
- Proteins account for another 7%
- The remaining 1% is dissolved organic molecules (amino acids, glucose, lipids,
nitrogenous wastes), Ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, h+, Ca2+, HCO3-), trace elements and
vitamins, dissolved O2 and CO2.
Plasma has the same composition to interstitial
fluid, except it has plasma proteins.
Albumins are the most prevalent type of proteins
the plasma (making up about 60% of the total).
Albumins and 9 other proteins, including:
- Globulins
- the clotting protein fibrinogen
- the iron-transporting protein transferrin
those 3 make up more than 90% of all plasma
proteins.
Liver makes most plasma proteins and secretes them into the blood.
Some globulins, known as immunoglobulins or antibodies are synthesized and
secreted by specialized blood cells rather than by the liver.
Presence of proteins in the plasma makes the osmotic pressure of the blood higher
than that of the interstitial fluid.
This osmotic gradient tends to pull water from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries
and offset (=weegt op tegen) filtration out of the capillaries created by blood
pressure.
Plasma proteins participate in many functions:
- including blood clotting and defense against foreign invaders.
- They also act as carriers for steroid hormones, cholesterol, drugs and certain ions,
such as iron (Fe2+).
, - Finally, some plasma proteins act as hormones or as extracellular enzymes.
The 3 main cellular elements in blood are:
- red blood cells (RBC)/=erythrocytes. RBCs have lost their nuclei by the time they
enter the bloodstream. Play key role in transporting O2 from lungs to tissues, and
CO2 rom tissues to lungs.
- white blood cells (WBC)/=leukocytes. WBCs are the only fully functional cells in the
circulation. Play key role in body’s immune responses, defending the body against
foreign invaders, like parasites, bacteria and viruses. Most WBC’s circulate through
the body in the blood, but their work is usually carried out in the tissues rather than in
the circulatory system.
- Platelets/ = thrombocytes. Lack a nucleus.
Platelets have no nucleus and are cell fragments that have split off from a large
parent cell known as megakaryocytes. Platelets are instrumental in coagulation, the
process by which blood clots prevent blood loss in damaged vessels.
Blood contains of 5 types of mature white blood
cells:
1. Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
3. Neutrophils
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils
Monocytes that leave the circulation and enter
the tissues develop into macrophages. Tissue
basophils are called mast cells.
The types of WBC’s may be grouped according
to common morphological/functional
characteristics.
Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages
are known as phagocytes, because they engulf
and ingest foreign particles like bacteria
(phagocytosis).
Lymphocytes are sometimes called immunocytes because they are responsible for
specific immune responses directed against invaders.
Basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils are called granulocytes, because they
contain cytoplasmic inclusions that give them a granular appearance.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Anoniemxxxx. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.81. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now