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Summary Localisation of Function in the Brain - AQA Psychology
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An in-depth description of localisation of function in the brain written by an A star student who now tutors 14 students.
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Localisation of Function in the BrainLOCALISATION
The brain consists of two hemispheres connected by a bunch of fibres (called the corpus callosum).
This bridge allows the two hemispheres to communicate with each other.
The theory of localisation is that certain parts of the brain have specific jobs that they are programmed
to carry out.
AREAS OF THE BRAIN
Frontal lobe Personality, planning, logic, reasoning, higher order functions
(newest part of the brain).
Motor cortex (posterior of Involved in the planning and execution of skilled and voluntary
frontal lobe) movements. The motor cortex is divided into the primary motor
cortex and the nonprimary motor cortex, each responsible for
different parts of planned movement.
The top part of the cortex stimulates movements of the leg, whereas
the movements of the face are stimulated by the lowest part of the
motor cortex.
Parietal lobe Senses, sensations.
Somatosensory cortex This sits at the anterior end of the parietal lobe and is responsible for
(anterior of parietal lobe) interpreting incoming sensory information. It is mainly tactile
information that is received here. Different parts of the
somatosensory area receive messages from different locations of the
body.
Robertson (1995) found that this area of the brain is highly
adaptable, with Braille readers having larger areas in the
somatosensory area for their fingertips compared to normal sighted
participants.
Occipital lobe Responsible for processing visual information. Information from the
right-hand side visual field is processed in the left hemisphere, and
information from the left-hand side visual field is processed in the
right hemisphere. The visual area contains different parts that
process different types of information including colour, shape or
movement.
Damage here can lead to interesting conditions like Anton syndrome
and Riddoch syndrome
Temporal lobe The auditory area is located in the temporal lobe and is responsible
for analysing and processing acoustic information. Information from
the left ear goes primarily to the right hemisphere and information
from the right ear goes primarily to the left hemisphere. The auditory
area contains different parts, and the primary auditory area is
involved in processing simple features of sound, including volume,
tempo and pitch.
Broca’s area (left side of Production of speech, allows speech to be fluent.
brain)
Wernicke’s area (left side of Speech comprehension, language development, enables speech to
brain) be meaningful.
PHINEAS GAGE - EVIDENCE OF LOCALISATION
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