Summary Oxford University FHS revision notes: Population Structure and Social Norms
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Course
Genetics and Evolution
Institution
Oxford University (OX)
My Oxford University notes for the FHS exam in Genetics and Evolution. Useful for Biology, Biomedical Sciences and Human Sciences. I achieved a first and multiple academic prizes. Includes descriptions of concepts and key references/experiments.
How do social norms affect population structure?
How do social norms affect mating choice and genetic variation in human populations?
Account for the different population structures of Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes with reference to
bipedalism, social behaviours and capacities for technological innovation.
How does culture affect gene-flow across populations?
Background
Population structure includes ALL departures from random mating.
What factors will affect who you will choose as your partner?
1) Culture (e.g. language, religion, politics)
2) Geography (proximity)
3) Biology (e.g. age, physical features)
Geography
Evolutionary timescale
A simple model implying a subsampling of the African diversity in the Out of Africa, followed by a
series of population splits and independent evolution does not explain the pattern of diversity
outside Africa
A more complex model requiring a series of founder effects coupled with short- and long-range
migration provides a better fit to the data
People from the same country are more genetically similar.
Social complexities drive mating choice despite proximity
Global population hypothesis
Metapopulation: gene flow more intense w/ technology/transport
Random mating not a reality
Culture
Random mating can be disrupted by customs and social norms. Departures from random mating can be
highlighted among and within groups.
Social structure
Social stratification example: Hindu caste-specific endogamy (WOODING et al. 2004)
Ethnographic and historical evidence suggest that Hindu castes have been highly endogamous for
thousands of years, with movement among classes for females joining upper castes
Interface between the culture and the biology of human populations
Indicated migration rates of 1–2% per generation between high-, middle-, and low-status caste
groups
Rates of gene flow differ between maternally and paternally inherited genes: migration rates were
substantially higher in maternally than in paternally inherited markers
Autosomal data support a restricted model of gene flow across castes:
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