Unit 17 - Microbiology and Microbiological Techniques
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Merit Level BTEC Applied Science Unit 17 LA C&D Assignment.
C: Undertake aseptic techniques to culture microorganisms
D: Explore factors controlling microbial growth in industrial, medical and domestic applications.
Unit 17 - Microbiology and Microbiological Techniques
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Unit 17 LA C&D Culturing Microorganisms name
Aim and introduction:
In this report, I am going to undertake aseptic techniques to culture microorganisms and
explore the factors that control the microbial growth in industrial, medical and domestic
applications.
Biocontainment procedures in the centre laboratory and within industrial
laboratories:
Biocontainment measures are measures that need to be taken to protect the people and the
working environment from harmful microorganisms to grow.
We used the aseptic technique to prepare the nutrient broth and to prepare the medium, to
sterilise the equipment and to keep the working area sterile so no other microorganisms
grow there. Using a sterile inoculating loop, introduce bacteria to nutritional broth that has
been produced. Prepare grass plates using the prepared agar plates and add the growing
bacteria using a sterilised cell spreader to distribute the bacteria from the middle. To disinfect
the equipment, use the aseptic approach and feed the growing bacteria to the prepared agar
plates using a loop (strips in the sides of the plates). And used the previously inoculated
nutrient broth to inoculate a new nutrient broth that is going to be used to count population
growth.
We all used the same laboratory because the microorganism that we were growing
(Escherichia coli) is not that harmful compared to other types of microorganisms that are
grown in other types of labs. School labs are always BSL - 1 labs, as they do not work with
pathogenic microorganisms, so school labs are not designed or provided with proper
equipment to work with pathogenic microorganisms. BSL -1 Labs have lower risk levels than
BSL 2, 3 and 4. The most common microorganisms that are used in BSL - 1 are B. subtilis,
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens Staphylococcus albus,
Saccharomyces cerevisae and non-pathogenic E coli, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2,
Bovine enterovirus and endoparasites of animals and humans.
First of all, we all washed our hands with antibacterial soap to kill any unwanted bacteria
present in our skin before and after starting the experiment and touching the equipment. We
used aseptic techniques to sterilise the equipment and the workplace (the bench) so that no
unknown microorganisms grow into that area and jeopardise the growth of the
microorganism that has to be grown and observed. We used Ethanol to disinfect the working
area and the safety mat to kill any unwanted bacteria. We used goggles to protect our eyes
and kept the flame in blue to keep the workplace sterile. We used a safety mat that indicates
where to put the bunsen burner and the sterile area. We also cleaned the bench and the
heatproof mat with ethanol to kill any microorganism that was present. We prevented eating
and drinking in the lab as the food can be contaminated with microorganisms that could be
present in the laboratory and cause infections.
Part C.P5
BSL Type of Who/where is it What equipment or Additional Safety
microorganism used? facilities are required? Practices
1
, Unit 17 LA C&D Culturing Microorganisms name
1 Non-pathogenic to train non-pathogenic microbes hand washing
strain of e-coli microbiologists and minimum risk wear lab coat, goggles
for students do not need special and gloves
equipment limited access to people
no mouth pipetting
clean and disinfect of
area
2 pathogenic and a trained personnel standard practices use biosafety cabinet
infectious in microbiology labs trained personnel
staphylococcus availability of eye wash
hepatitis station
vaccination for the
workers
3 Cause serious or under government unidirectional air flow periodic medical testing
fatal diseases agencies and for workers
through inhalation medical surveillance full body garment with
example: yellow respiratory protection
fever and restricted access at all
tuberculosis times
bacteria
4 rare in the world, specialists (gov standard practices supply air and exhaust air
fatal infections do related) full body garment
not have biosafety cabinets taking shower after leaving
vaccines or the facility
treatment decontamination of materials
examples: ebola before exiting
Part C.P5
BSL - 1 labs are most commonly found in schools, colleges and universities. They are used
in educational centres and to train microbiologists as they work with non-pathogenic
microorganisms. The types of ,microorganisms that they usually work with are B. subtilis,
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens Staphylococcus albus,
Saccharomyces cerevisae and non-pathogenic E coli, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2,
Bovine enterovirus and endoparasites of animals and humans. The typical lab and safety
procedures to follow are to wash hands with antibacterial soap before and after finishing the
experiments and after and touching the equipment. No eating or drinking inside the lab, as
the food and/or drink can be contaminated. No mouth pipetting as the pipette can be
contaminated with the growing bacteria. The containment cabinets are not required and the
practicals can be carried out in normal work benches as the microorganisms that are going
to be used should not be harmful. The lab can have a lockable door but it does not need to
keep the door closed. People working these need to carry out aseptic techniques and
disinfect the working areas so as to prevent contamination and other microorganisms from
growing. The people working there need to wear goggles and if it is needed to, wear
disposable aprons. All the contaminated equipment needs to be decontaminated before
being disposed of.
BSL - 2 labs are mostly used in Pathology and research labs as they have a higher risk than
BSL 1 labs but lower than BSL 3 and 4 labs as they work with more harmful bacteria than
BSL 1. Some of the microorganisms used in BSL- 2 are Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus
aureus, hepatitis B and C viruses, adenoviruses, Herpes simplex virus, HIV (while carrying
2
, Unit 17 LA C&D Culturing Microorganisms name
out standard diagnostic procedures for handling clinical specimens), pathogenic strains of E.
coli, Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Enterobacter
spp., Mycoplasma pneumonia, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, etc. These types of labs need to
follow the same safety procedures as BSL 1 labs as well as they need more trained
personnel as they are working with pathogenic bacteria. The personnel needs to be trained
by a qualified senior expert and competent scientist. These labs have limited access while
there is work in progress to keep everything and everyone safe. The safety cabinets are
used if aerosol is generated and the personnel need to have extreme precautions with
contaminated sharp instruments.
BSL - 3 labs are most commonly found in pathology and research labs that deal with lots of
parasites or bacteria and viruses that are really harmful to the human body but for which
there are treatments. These labs need to go to the same safety procedures as BSL 1 and 2
plus special training for the personnel for handling the microorganisms, the procedures need
to be carried out in containment cabinets. The personnel need to wear protective clothing,
goggles to protect themselves and remove all kinds of jewelry and make up so it does not
cause any discomfort to the personnel while doing the work.
BSL - 4 labs can be found in public health labs and some medical research labs. These labs
need to follow the same safety procedures as BSL 1, 2 and 3 and more as they work with
the most dangerous types of pathogens. These labs have high levels of security access so
only a few people can enter and leave at a certain time to keep everyone safe. The doors
there have double entry with airlocks so that the air enters but does not go out. The air in
these labs needs to be filtered and lots of containment rooms are needed as all of the
pathogens there are very harmful. These labs are separated from other buildings to keep
everyone safe. The personnel need to wear pressurised suits so that the pathogen does not
have direct contact with them. The personnel have to work with the cultures of
microorganisms by putting their hands inside special gloves inside sealed cabinets.
Established protocols are needed for every procedure and the personnel need to go through
excessive training to be able to work in these labs so they know what they are doing. The
personnel need to shower before entering and leaving the lab and wear protective clothing
instead of their own clothes so no bacteria enters or leaves the lab.
Part C.P5, C.M4. C.P4 Awarded
3
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