Physical Sciences Chemistry (Paper 2) Grade 11 year summary from Mind Action Series book for Curro Schools (IEB). Summarised according to SAGS document.
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Intramolecular Bond Bond between :
atoms within molecule
Ionic Bond Transfer of
:
electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
↳ Between metals and non
-
metals
↳
Oppositely charged ions
Covalent Bond :
Sharing of It electron pairs between 2 non -
metals
Metallic Bond Between :
pos .
kernel and sea of ddocalised electrons
To
Lewis Diagram :
show electron
arrangement
Couper Diagrams :
Chloride H
Hydrogen :
A
-
Carbon Dioxide :
O -
-
C =
0
Water -
-
H -
O
,
H
Electronegativity :
Measure of
tendency of an atom to attract
bonding electron pair
↳ •
Most attractive atom : Fluorine
More small 8 anion
abbractive born
gains negative charge
•
a
-
Less small positive 8t
reactive
charge cation
• '
gains
Non Polar
-
Covalent :
Equal electron share
Lo E.N diff 0
Polar Covalent Unequal electron share
leading bo dipole forming
:
↳ E. N diff O -
1,9
Diapole formation Gt g
-
The greater the E. N diff.
=
More polar bond
Dative Covalent Bonds : When electrons are contributed by 1 a born
↳ Atom which recieves must have vacant valence shell
#
t
t H2O →
Hs Ot Ht t H :
%
: →
[ H : : n
)
Empty or biba ,
,Shape of molecules and VSEPR
Shape depends on num .
of electron pairs
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion ( VSEPR )
theory
↳ Predict repulsion between pairs of electrons
⑤ E
Single Bond 2
ngle Bonds
SiLINEAR
3
Single
TRIGONAL
Bonds
PLANAR
LINEAR
°
180 120
°
1800
HCl Beck BFS
.mmm
- -
-
y
r
r
da w
Bonds Bonds
4 Single 3
Single
Bonds 2
Single
TETRAHEDRAL 1 Lone Pair 2 Pairs
Lone
109 PYRAMIDAL ANGULAR
.
CHL, 107,50 1050
NHS H2O
c sina.s:i * !:÷÷ .
90 and bottom
bop
PAs
¥8 oEFf.ie?srnaESF6
'
, To Determine Shape of a Molecule
1 Draw lewis
.
diagram assign single
,
,
double or
triple bonds .
2 . Decide on
shape
3 Check Bond
angle
.
:
:O 2 Lone Pairs
E. H : :
g
.
2
Single Bonds
i
µ H
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