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ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Study Guide Latest 2022 with complete solution
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ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Study Guide Latest 2022 with complete solution
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ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Study GuideLatest 2022 with complete solution
1. Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage:
2. Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function:
3. The Normal Cell Cycle: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing
complexes molecular information
4. Interphase and Mitotic Phase: Cell division produces two identical
cells through these two major phases
5. During interphase:: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the
following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first
gap) 2: Synthesis phase (S
phase) 3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
6. First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap): -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
,-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
7. Synthesis Phase (S phase): -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
8. Mitotic Phase (M phase): -Replicated chromosomes are aligned,
separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
,9. Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from: -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
10.Restriction Point: -The transition from the resting phase into an
actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular
transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a
restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are
required to send the cells past the restriction point, or the point of no
return
11.G0 Phase (resting phase): -After mitosis, cells may enter back into
the G1 phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
12.-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase): -
Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
, -and the epithelium of the GI tract
13.Cell Cycling Time: Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
14. Cell cycle video and
image:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ch
ap- ter2/animation how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
15.Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control: -The cell
cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell
division can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells,
leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control
progression through mitosis
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