Unit 10 - Biological Molecules and Metabolic Pathways
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
This is the first assignment required in unit 10 Biological molecules BTEC. Within this assignment you can find all the information needed to cover the Pearson specification, This assignment was graded distinction and should be used as an example or source of inspiration.
Unit 10 - Biological Molecules and Metabolic Pathways
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Covalent bond
Covalent bond All electron pairs repel each other so
they force to make the ‘V’ shaped
Chemical formulae of
diagram.
water: H2O
Lone pair:
Lone pair There is an unequal share
Non-bonding pair of
of electrons within the bond as the oxygen atom
electrons.
has a negative charge and hydrogen atoms has a positive charge.
Oxygen is therefore more electronegative because it has
more protons (8) in the nucleus in comparison to hydrogen atoms which only has one
proton. The molecule now is described as polar.
Hydrogen bonds are created because of the attraction of the
negative end of an oxygen atom and the positive end of
hydrogen atom.
Functions of water
Acts as a medium for chemical reactions:
As water molecules are described as polar due to the electronegativity of the oxygen atoms, polar
molecules can dissolve in water and therefore are known as solvents. The substance that must be
dissolved and is known as a solute, has an uneven charge of distribution and this makes the water
molecules to surround and interact with the charged fragments of the solute creating separation
between solute molecules and therefore dissolution occurs allowing other water molecules to
interact.
Temp regulator:
Because of hydrogen bonds within the molecule, water has a high specific heat capacity . Because of
this a lot of energy is required for water to heat up and therefore making the hydrogen bonds
between molecules to break as water molecules vibrate more because they obtained a lot of kinetic
energy, when on the other hand water molecules will form hydrogen bonds in between them when
there is a decrease in temp.
This is important because, most organisms are composed of water. Water can control its
temperature easily when it is exposed to different conditions, protecting the enzymes and
maintaining homeostasis in living organisms.
Regulate ph:
Water holds equal concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. As living organisms have an
optimum pH they work best at, their optimum pH function accordingly when their internal
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