NURSE-UN 240 A&E I– FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WEEK 7 – OXYGENATION, CIRCULATION & TISSUE PERFUSION; COPD,100% CORRECT
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NURSE-UN 240 A&E I– FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WEEK 7 – OXYGENATION, CIRCULATION & TISSUE PERFUSION; COPD
Upper Airway functions to warm, filter, humidify inspired air
- Nose (humidify, filters and warm the air), better to breathe through the nose to get better filtration, moisture and humidifi...
nurse un 240 aampe i– final exam study guide week 7 – oxygenation
circulation amp tissue perfusion copd
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NURSE-UN 240 A&E I– FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WEEK 7 – OXYGENATION,
CIRCULATION & TISSUE PERFUSION; COPD
Upper Airway functions to warm,
filter, humidify inspired air
- Nose (humidify, filters and warm
the air), better to breathe through
the nose to get better filtration,
moisture and humidification
- Pharynx (filters)
- Larynx
- Epiglottis (prevent air to
stomach food to bronchioles to
prevent aspiration)
,Lower Airway/Tracheobronchial tree functions to conduct air, mucociliary clearance and
production of pulmonary surfactant
- Provides air to all our 5 lobes of the lungs alveoli fill it up gas exchange
- Components: trachea right and left mainstem bronchi segmental bronchi terminal
bronchioles alveoli
- Complication: blockages from a tumor, food and fluid or inflammation
Oxygenation
- Ventilation – process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
o Respiratory muscles
o Lung compliance & elasticity; do not expand or contract easily
o Lung volume
o Pulmonary circulation; no good gas exchange
o Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport (not enough HGB/RBC)
- Perfusion – ability of CV system to pump oxygenated blood to tissues and return deoxygenate
blood to the lungs
o Cardiac chambers/myocardial blood flow; arteries do not expand or contract easily
atherosclerosis
o Conduction system
o Coronary blood flow; if none, MI
o Systemic circulation; pt with DM, HTN may not get adequate flow
- Diffusion – exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli
and capillaries CO = SV x HR
- Cardiac output: vol of blood pumped each minute (normal ~5L/min)
- Stroke vol: how much blood pumped out each beat/contraction
- Heartrate: the number of beats per minute
- Preload: end-diastolic pressure; the volume before you pump out
- Afterload: resistance to left ventricular ejection; what you are pumping against; if HTN,
you are pushing against a lot of pressure in their BV that are stretched or can be clogged
Frank-Starling principle (“contractility) – illustrates relationship b/w cardiac output and L ventricula
end diastolic volume (relationship b/w stroke volume and R atrial pressure)
- Greater stretch = greater contraction
- Pumping out the blood: the heart stretches, the more it stretches, the harder it actually
pump so better to push the blood around the body (but it can only stretch so much)
- Need a good preload (stretch) to get a good contractility to pump out
Respiration physiology
- Disorders = hyperventilation, hypoventilation, & hypoxia
- Ventilation: moves gases in and out of lungs
o Respiratory muscles (diaphragm**, intercostals, sternocleidomastoid)
o Lung compliance and elasticity
o Lung volume
o Pulmonary circulation (blood exchange)
o O2 and CO2 transport
, - Perfusion: ability of cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to tissues and
return deoxygenated blood to lungs (systemic circulation)
o Cardiac chambers/myocardial blood flow – blood fueling heart because it’s a muscle to
o Conduction system – electrical impulses
o Coronary blood flow – circulation of blood vessels of heart itself
o Systemic circulation
- Left sided heart failure: left ventricle supplies most of heart’s pumping power, L is oxygenated
o Can lose it’s ability to contract – not enough force to send blood through body
o Can lose it’s ability to relax (stiffening) – heart can’t fill between beats
o Pulmonary problems (think L is from the lungs)
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