Interview
All subjects in one book neet and jee exam foundation
- Course
- Institution
You can study all the subjects in one book mainly focusing on jee and neet exam foundation
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
aravindjayan
Content preview
Unit 1.2 – Classification of organismsClassification – meaning and significance
Classification means putting things into groups.
The main reason for classifying living things is to make it easier to study them.
Earlier, scientists used to classify organisms on the basis of their morphological and anatomical features.
We still use these methods of classification today. But we now have new tools like DNA analysis for more
accuracy in the procedure.
1. Explain how DNA analysis is helpful in classification?
a. DNA is the chemical from which our chromosomes are made.
b. It is the genetic material, passed on from one generation to the next.
c. Each DNA molecule is made up of strings of smaller molecules, containing four different bases.
d. These bases, called A, C, G and T, can be arranged in any order.
e. Biologists can compare the sequences of bases in the DNA of organisms from two different species.
f. The more similar the base sequences, the more closely related the species are to one another.
g. They have a more recent common ancestor than species that have DNA base sequences that are less
similar.
The classification system of Carl Linnaeus
The first person to try to classify organisms in a scientific way was a Swedish naturalist called Linnaeus.
He introduced his system of classification in 1735.
He divided all the different kinds of living things into groups called species.
He recognised 12000 different species.
Linnaeus's species were groups of organisms that shared the same appearance and behaviour.
2. Define the term species:-
a. Organisms belong to the same species if they can breed together successfully, and the offspring that
they produce can also breed.
(Species is a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring)
Classification levels - from species to Kingdom
Species
Species are grouped into larger groups called genera (singular: genus).
Genus
(Each genus contains several species with similar characteristics)
Several genera are then grouped into a family Families
Families into orders
Orders
Orders into classes
Classes into phyla and Classes
Finally phyla into kingdoms.
Phyla
Kingdoms
,The binomial naming system
Binomial system is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of
two parts showing the genus and species.
Linnaeus gave every species of living organism two names, written in Latin. This is called the binomial system.
The first name is the name of the genus the organism belongs to, & always has a capital letter (first letter only).
The second name is the name of its species, and always has a small letter (all small letters).
For example, a wolf belongs to the genus Canis and the species lupus.
Its binomial is Canis lupus.
These names are printed in italics. When you write a Latin name, you cannot write in italics, so you should
underline it instead.
The genus name can be abbreviated like this: C. lupus.
More examples-
o Dog - Canis familiaris
o Wolf - Canis lupus
o Jackal - Canis mesomelas
o Pony - Equus caballus
o Zebra - Equus burchelli
, 3. The table shows how two organisms a monarch butterfly and a giant pangolin are classified.
a. Use the information in the table to suggest whether these two organisms are not related at all, distantly
related or closely related. Explain how you made your decision.
Monarch butterfly Giant pangolin
b. Write down the genus of the giant pangolin.
o Manis
c. Use the Internet to find out how a human is classified. Write it down in a table.
Kingdom Animals
Phylum Vertebrate
Class Mammals
Order Primates
Family Hominids
Genus Homo
Species sapiens
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller aravindjayan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
84146 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now