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WGU C785 Final Exam With All The Correct Answers
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WGU C785 Final Exam With All The Correct Answers
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WGU C785 Final Exam With All The Correct Answers1. What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like?:
- Answer- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH),
alpha carbon (C), and variable group
2. How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hy-
drophobic, polar, and charged?: Answer- Non-polar/hydrophobic - end
with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged
- end with a charge
3. what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side
chains make?: Answer- ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
4. What are the 4 levels of protein structure?: Answer- Primary - linear
structure, Sec- ondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by
hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain
interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple
subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
5. What enviormental change breaks each type of bond?: hydrophobic -
tem- perature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen -
temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents
6. what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?:
hy- drophobic bonds
7. how do environmental changes affect protein folding?: Extreme temp
can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein
,folding
8. how do mutations affect protein structure?: Can cause structure to
change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different
protein.
9. What is an electron?: Negatively charged atom on outer ring for
bonding
10.What is energy:: Power derived fro chemical interaction
11.what are covalent bonds?: chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence
electrons
12.what is an ionic bond?: bond between positive and negative
13.what is a hydrogen bond?: weak bond between positive and negative
14.with an amino?: piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
15.what is a carboyxl?: piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
16.What is hydrophobic?: Doesn't like water, end with CH
17.what is hydrophilic?: Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
18.what is disulfide bond?: strongest bond between reduction agents,
formed between SH's.
,19.what are zwitterions?: amino with positive and negative charges =
overall charge of zero
20.what is a polypeptide: polymer of amino acids
21.What is dehydration synthesis?: Process of forming peptide bonds
22.what is hydrolysis?: adding water to destroy bonds
23.what is an alpha helix?: twisted secondary structure, formed by
hydrogen bonds
24.what is a beta sheet?: folded second structure shape, formed by
hydrogen bonds
25.what is denaturation?: loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical
bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp, pH
26.what is aggregation?: clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins
caused by misfolded proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers,
ALS, Parkinson's
27.how do enzymes catalyze reactions?: bind with substrates to
decrease activation energy required and decrease reaction rate
28.how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?:
decrease activation energy and decrease reaction rate
29.what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?: enzyme recognizes
sub- strate, substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate
complex is formed; en- zyme-product complex formed; product is
released, enzyme recycled
30.how do environmental changes affect enzymes?: High heat, pH
, change, high salt concentration, and reducing agents can cause an
enzyme to lose its form/lose function
31.what is a competitive inhibitor?: Mimics substrate and takes its place
on the active binding site
32.what is a noncompetitive inhibitor?: Binds to allosteric site causing
active site to change shape = preventing substrate from binding with
enzyme
33.what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific
inhibitor? A -> (enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D.
Pretend Enzyme 2 is inhibited.: Inhibitor would cause a build up for
product B, decrease product C. Enzyme 3 and product D would not be
created.
34.what is substrate?: the substance on which an enzyme acts
35.what is a product?: result of a reaction
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