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Biologia, biomoleculas y celula
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Biología básica, descripción de biomoléculas y todo lo relacionado a ellas. Descripción de células, teoría celular, organelos y demás.
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Biologia basica, repaso para examen
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lisbethjustiniano
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LasLas biomoléculas son los compuestos presentes en los seres vivos. Estos son
los lípidos, las proteínas, los carbohidratos y los ácidos nucleicos
Carbohidratos
Elemento principal de los compuestos orgánicos. están compuestos de
carbono, hidrogeno y oxígeno. Es tetravalente (posee 4 electrones en la capa
de valencia). Forman enlaces simples, dobles y triples. Pueden formar
cadenas (concatenación).
. Grupo funcional: según esto pueden ser
Aldosas = CHO
Cetosa = O
Cantidad de carbonos: según esto se nombran
3 carbonos à Triosas
4 carbonos à Tetrosas
5 carbonos à Pentosas = Ribosomas (ARN) y desoxirribosa (ADN)
6 carbonos à hexosas = glucosa, fructosa, galactosa.
hidratos de carbono = glúcidos
Lisbeth Justiniano
, Clasificación según la
c a n t i d a d
De unidades
Monosacáridos (1) :
Glucosa
Fructosa
Galactosa
Disacáridos (2) :
Maltosa = glucosa + glucosa à Malta
Lactosa = galactosa + glucosa à Leche
Sacarosa = fructosa + glucosa à Fruta
Polisacáridos (Muchos):
Almidón à plantas
Glucógeno à Animales
Celulosa à Pared celular de células vegetales. Es dura.
Quitina à Forman las estructuras de las plantas y exoesqueleto de
crustáceos y artrópodos.
Polisacáridos = Polímeros de glucosa
Poli = muchas, Meros = unidades
La personas no digieren la celulosa.
Lisbeth Justiniano
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