WJEC Level 3 Applied Certificate and Diploma Criminology
These notes cover the entirety of AC2.2 for Unit 3. For use in the Crime Scene to Court Room Controlled Assessment (WJEC Applied Diploma in Criminology). Include sufficient detail and relevant case examples. Achieved top grades using these notes.
summary unit 3 ac22 notes wjec applied diploma in criminology
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
Edition:
ISBN:
Edition:
More summaries for
AC 1.1 and 1.2 unit 1 model answer
WJEC Level 3 Applied Diploma in Criminology Unit 2 AC1.1 Compare Criminal behaviour and Deviance
Ac 1.4 Evaluate the roles of personnel involved in criminal investigations
All for this textbook (143)
Written for
A/AS Level
WJEC
Criminology
Criminology Unit 3 Controlled Assessment
All documents for this subject (10)
1
review
By: nevewilsoff • 11 months ago
Seller
Follow
phoebegx
Reviews received
Content preview
AC2.2 Describe trial processes
Type of criminal offence
There are three types of criminal offences in terms of their seriousness and where they can
be tried. One type is indictable offences. These are serious crimes such as murder, treason
(crime against the goverment), rape and grievous bodily harm. Another type is summary
offences which involve less serious, but minor crimes. For example motoring offences and
assaults without injury. These types of offences are usually tried in court. The last offence is
triable either way offences, also known as ‘hybrid offences’ which include offences such as
theft, fraud, and burglary. These can be tried in either a magistrates’ court or Crown court
Pre-trial matters
Pre-trial matters consist of pre-trial reviews which deal with the points of law within a case,
and whether the evidence being used is admissible or inadmissible. There are two types of
pleas that can occur. The first is a guilty plea, this is where the magistrates hear evidence of
aggravating and mitigating factors, this is when one makes the offence more serious or less
serious. The magistrates then either pass the sentence immediately or adjourn the case for
reports before sentencing at a later date. More serious offences can be referred to the
Crown Court for them to sentence the offender. The second is a not guilty plea. This is when
magistrates make the informed decision about reports, bail or legal aid before the trial can
go ahead.
Bail
Bail is when an individual is allowed to be free until the next stages of their case takes place.
This bail can be conditional or unconditional, including reports and curfews. Conditional bail
is when the individual on bail has to follow specific agreements gave to them by magistrates.
This includes their residence, not contacting witnesses and not skipping curfew.
Unconditional bail is when there are no conditions for the defendant to abide by, besides
attending court on the given date. Due to all defendants by law presumed innocent until
proven guilty, Section 4 of the Bail Act 1976 makes a general presumption that everyone has
the right to bail.
Plea bargaining
Plea bargaining is an agreement between the prosecutor and defendant, and even in some
circumstances the judge, where the defendant agrees to plead guilty in return for a reduced
sentence when the defendant pleads guilty. There are three main types of plea bargaining:
charge bargaining, where the defendant pleads guilty to a less serious charge, and therefore
receives a lighter sentence. Count bargaining which is when the defendant pleads guilty to
one charge, in return for other charges to be dropped. The last is sentence bargaining,
where the defendant pleads guilty to the original charge against them, in return for a more
lenient sentence. Plea bargaining can be used to avoid a potentially lengthy trial. However,
some may say that unregulated plea bargaining can apply undue pressure to defendants
and undermine their rights to a fair trial. If court refused bail or the defendant breaches the
conditions they could potentially be remanded in custody until their trial. Legal aid is when
defendants have equal access to justice, regardless of a person’s wealth.
Criminal courts system
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller phoebegx. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.02. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
