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Chamberlain College of Nursing BIOS 256 MIDTERM Exam (Latest 2022) $10.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Chamberlain College of Nursing BIOS 256 MIDTERM Exam (Latest 2022)

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Functions of the digestive system Correct Answer: Digestion, absorption, defecation, acid/base balance, energy (ATP), water management/electrolytes, metabolism How does the ANS control the GI tract? Correct Answer: ANS stimulates the smooth muscles of the GI tract. Enteric system is a side cha...

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  • October 18, 2022
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Chamberlain College of Nursing BIOS 256 MIDTERM
Exam (Latest 2022)

Functions of the digestive system Correct Answer: Digestion, absorption, defecation, acid/base
balance, energy (ATP), water management/electrolytes, metabolism

How does the ANS control the GI tract? Correct Answer: ANS stimulates the smooth muscles of
the GI tract. Enteric system is a side chain of ANS, where sympathetic decreases activity and
parasympathetic increases activity

Bilayer membrane of the GI tract? Correct Answer: Peritoneum

Largest internal organ Correct Answer: Liver

Salivary glands Correct Answer: Parotid-largest
Sublingual
Submandibular

Portions of the small intestine Correct Answer: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Site of chyme and pH management Correct Answer: duodenum

Bolus in the mouth Correct Answer: Food and saliva

bolus in the stomach Correct Answer: food and HCL

Bolus in the duodenum Correct Answer: Chyme

Where is bile stored? Correct Answer: Gallbladder

What is bile made of? Correct Answer: Bicarbonate, amylase, and lipase

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin? Correct Answer: In the mouth with salivary amylase

Pancreatic amylase Correct Answer: breaks down carbohydrates

Where does the digestion of fats begin? Correct Answer: Salivary lipase

Layers of the GI tract? Correct Answer: Serosa-outer
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa-inner

, What are the layers of smooth muscle in the stomach? Correct Answer: Longitudinal, oblique,
and circular

Where is the only place that hyperplasia is normal? Correct Answer: The uterus

Control of salivation: Correct Answer: Intrinsic glands- keep the mouth moist
Extrinsic glands- secrete serous, enzyme rich saliva in response to ingested food which stimulate
chemoreceptors and pressoreceptors and the thought of food
Strong sympathetic stimulation- inhibits salivation and results in dry mouth

Goblet cells Correct Answer: In the epithelial lining, produces coat of alkaline mucous, this is a
protective layer

What do enteroendocrine cells secrete? Correct Answer: gastrin, histamine, endorphins,
serotonin, CCK, and somatostatin

What does chief cells secrete? Correct Answer: secrete pepsinogen

What do parietal cells secrete? Correct Answer: HCl which converts pepsinogen into its active
form pepsin

Regulation of gastric secretion? Stimulatory events Correct Answer: Cephalic phase- prior to
food entry, site and thought of food, stimulates taste and smell receptors
Gastric phase- food enters stomach, stomach dissension activates stretch receptors, food
chemicals and rising pH activates chemoreceptors
Intestinal phase- partially digested food enters the duodenum when stomach begins emptying

What does serotonin and somatostatin function in? Correct Answer: Stomach motility
(mechanical digestion)

Chyme digestion? Correct Answer: This occurs in the duodenum, where pH is managed by bile
and sodium bicarb and fats are managed by lipase

What does CCK initiate? Correct Answer: Initiates delivery of bile to the duodenum by
promoting peristalsis (duct contraction)

What does secretin stimulate? Correct Answer: targets stomach to reduce stomach movement
and reduce release of chyme from the pyloric valve

Factors affecting release of enzymes to digest chyme? Correct Answer: pH, amount of fat,
hypertonic versus hypotonic

Sources of glucose Correct Answer: Carbs, fats, and proteins

2 ways to manage glucose Correct Answer: Aerobic- 36 ATP/glucose, O2 present
Anaerobic- 2 ATP/glucose, no O2

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