History: Post Colonialism (Topic 2 - Tanzania and Congo)
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Course
History
Institution
12th Grade
In depth notes covering Tanzania and Congo for History Topic 2. Covers everything required for this section for the Matric IEB exam. In a summarized, mind map format. Includes dates and images.
COLONISATION
Process where a powerful country uses its WIND OF CHANGE 1960 How gained indep. (1)
social and economic powers to take over a
- Marked ‘Year of Africa’ - Decline of colonial powers
weaker country:
- 17 former colonies gained - World wars drained their economy, to weak to maintain empires
- Brutal military conquest independence
- Control the colony fully - African Nationalism
- Destruction of African values
- Exploitation
How gained indep. (2)
- Role of African Nationalism
- Unity and e orts of Africans forced colonisers to leave
EFFECT 1: ECONOMIC How gained indep. (3)
- Took raw materials - Impact of Cold War
- Subsistence farming (growing crops only for your own use) - Two world powers promoted end
- Land given to settlers - Wanted to establish their areas of interest in
AFRICAN SOCIALISM
- Forced farmers to grow cash crops African countries Main themes:
- Countries either adapted capitalism or African 1. African Identity
Socialism 2. Economic development
EFFECT 2: SOCIAL 3. Class formation and social control
- Racism (tried to ‘civilise’ Africans)
- Master servant relationships
- Forced Christianity
- Inadequate medical and welfare services provided DEMOCRACY ONE-PARTY STATES
Lack of democratic structures under Many countries became one-party states
colonial rule
Started o as multi-party democracies Did this because of colonialism:
COLONIALISM - No tradition of democracy
- Colonial gov used to force silence /
remove opposition
BACKGROUND Many later became one-party states Reasons for establishment of one-party
states:
- Tradition was authority of chiefs, no
competition
- Single party system = cheap
- Create unity, avoid ethnic divisions
- Marxist belief 1 group needed to lead
Only Botswana had unbroken record of - One party led to abuse of power
democracy. Elections every 5 yrs, - Turned into military dictatorship
opposition parties allowed to operate - Seen in Congo
freely
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