Notes that helped me to achieve a distinction star. Created using the mark scheme, the Pearson 2017 Applied psychology book and extra notes made in class.
B3 Behavioural addiction
Gambling: Shopping:
● cognitive approach – expectancy theory ● learning approach
○ initiation – cost-benefit analysis ○ initiation – role models guide on how to behave,
○ maintenance – irrational thoughts, cognitive vicarious reinforcement, role of celebrity and
biases, illusions of control, exaggeration of ability advertisements
○ cognitive bias in gambling ○ maintenance – association with excitement and
○ relapse – recall bias and overestimation of pleasure, adrenaline rush and rewards, positive
success reinforcement
○ relapse – cues associated with shopping are seen,
● learning approach advertisements, need to shop, relief from withdrawal
○ initiation – association between gambling and symptoms/negative reinforcement
pleasure/excitement therefore behaviour
strengthened ● cognitive approach – self-medication
○ maintenance – variable reinforcement schedules, ○ initiation – relief from boredom, psychological problem,
behaviour strengthened due to variable success distress, lack of self-esteem, excitement
○ relapse – cue reactivity, cues associated with ○ maintenance – reduction of anxiety associated with
behaviour increase likelihood of relapse, spending, continuation of boredom/anxiety relief
i.e. walking past betting shops, gambling advertisements. ○ relapse – withdrawal causes lack of
excitement/boredom, increase of anxiety
(due to financial worries), breakdown of coping strategies.
, Cognitive approach- Expectancy theory of gambling addiction
● The cognitive approach focuses on explanations about the way we think
● In expectancy theory, the ‘thinking’ is expectations people have about what will happen if they gamble
Initiation - cost-benefit analysis
● Weighing up perceived barriers/costs vs perceived benefits
● A person's decision to gamble depends upon their expectations of the future costs and
● benefits of their behaviour
● Potential costs- financial losses and anxiety
● Potential benefits- enjoyment, financial gain and a feeling of control.
● If benefits outweigh the costs then they are likely to gamble
Maintenance
● Expectations are not rational or logical because our cognitions can be biased and distorted
● Irrational thoughts- Addicted gamblers are guided by irrational thoughts about how probability, chance and luck
operate
● Cognitive biases-An addicted gambler's thinking is biased towards perceiving favourable outcomes.
● An example is the 'near miss' bias (gambler will view a loss as a near win rather than that they have lost)
● The near miss provides rewards (tension, excitement) that maintain gambling behaviour.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TeeBott04. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.03. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
