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Summary Biology GCSE AQA B1 Revision Notes
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A summary of the topic of B1, with a bit of detail but easy to learn notes and a good explanation of the topic. Includes practical experiments.
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Biology AQA GCSE B1 Revision NotesEukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic - Contain their genetic material enclosed in their nucleus.
Prokaryotic - Genetic material is not enclosed in the nucleus.
Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
Size is 5 - 100 micrometres Size is 0.1 - 5 micrometres
Nucleus is present Nucleus is not present (Loop of DNA)
Multicellular Unicellular
Mitochondria is present Mitochondria is absent
Ribosomes are bigger Ribosomes are smaller
Vesicles present Vesicles present
Chloroplasts present (In plants) Chloroplasts absent (Chlorophyll in cytoplasm)
More than 1 number of chromosomes One chromosome is present
Flagella is absent Flagella is present
Vacuoles present Vacuoles absent
Examples Examples
Bacteria Protists, Fungi
Archaea Plants
Animals
, Animal Cell Specialisation
Most animal cells are specialised.
They have adaptations that help it with its job.
A cell specialising is called differentiation.
EG - Sperm cells have lots of mitochondria (provide energy), have a long tail to swim to the
ovum, Contain enzymes to digest their way through the outer layer of the ovum.
EG - Nerve cells have axons which carry the electrical impulses from one part of the body to
another. Myelin insulates the axon, speeds up transmission of impulses. The end of the axon
has synapses which allow the impulse to travel through different nerve cells. Dendrites have a
large surface area to connect with other nerve cells easier.
EG - Muscle cells have lots of mitochondria for energy, muscle cells join together to form
muscle tissue. Muscle cells can contract, Contain protein fibres which can change the length.
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