Notes regarding networking for gcses and a level. Detailed explanation of the most important topic for Computer systems. Helps with homework and better exam results.
Written by a previous student, so included only the most essential material.
Baseband and Broadband
Baseband Mode of operation: one channel system where the whole bandwidth is dedicated
to one data channel.
- E.g. modenm ((dial up system) slowest)
Broadband Mode of operation: multi-channel system where several channels are combined
into one carrier signal. The bandwidth is shared by several data channels.
- E.g. Router/hub (home use)
- Switch (work/school use)
Phone Line Uses analog signals.
Devices use digital signals.
Routers, hubs etc convert analog signals to digital.
General Internet Terms
Intranet: a private network used to share information or operations within an organisation on
site (same location). Does not have an url.
http/s - HyperText Transfer Protocol
World Wide Web (WWW): a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the
internet.
Internet: it’s a global network that allows you to communicate with each other using protocols
from anywhere in the world.
URL and IRL
URL (- Uniform Resource Locator): an url that identifies a resource by its network location.
Address of the website.
- E.g. http://www.bbc.co.uk/topgear
Protocol used (the how), domain address (the where), path on address server (the what)
URI (-Uniform Resource Identifier): is a string of characters used to identify a resource.
, IP Address vs URL
- URL uses words/characters (www.ocr.org.uk)
- IP is numerical (e.g. 82.28.79.130.1)
- URL needs converting (using DNS) to IP before it can be accessed.
- IP does not require conversion.
- URL specifies protocol and location(and resource name). Alos easy to remember.
- IP specifies only address.
- DNS will find the matching URL with IP address.
Advantages of Networking
- Efficient way to share resources.
- Monitor all incoming and outgoing data
It allows the sharing of resources and information held on disk drives accessible by all users.
It is easier to backup data held on file servers than on individual computers and easier to
store application programs on one pc and make them available to all users rather than
having copies individually installed on each pc.
It allows email to be sent between users and the connection of different types of pc.
It is easier to setup new users and equipment.
Disadvantages of Networking
- Expensive
- Dependent on network manager’s skills
Users depend on them. If the server goes down, many users will be unable to run application
programs and may not be able to access various hardware and software resources.
Difficult to make the system secure from hackers.
As traffic increases on the network the performance degrades unless it is designed properly.
The efficiency of a network is very dependent on the skill of the system manager.
It takes time to set up and is very expensive for good performance.
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