Unit 33 - The witch craze in Britain, Europe and North America, c1580-c1750
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Summary Notes/statistics/judgement on the Salem witch hunt
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Unit 33 - The witch craze in Britain, Europe and North America, c1580-c1750
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
This document includes the triggers of the Salem witch hunt across the whole period e.g political, economic, religious and social divisions in Salem at the time. This also includes the role of individuals and statistics that can push your grade up! It also has a conclusion of the events.
Unit 33 - The witch craze in Britain, Europe and North America, c1580-c1750
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Political
MA bay colony govt 1630-85:
-reinforced ideology groundwork
-10,000 puritans migrated 1630-52
-economy became strong (lumber, fur, fishing) -merchant trading class
-puritans still dominated government (religious element)
-Charles I executed in 1649
-Charles II wanted church of E established
-people of Salem resented this and became more resistant to him
-puritans believed that church of E was too similair toRoman catholic church and that all practises
and beliefs not rooted in bible should be eliminated
-residents in Salem required to pay tax
-puritans did not want progressive nature
-non puritan members of government could be banished
-Charles II wanted to extended influence so he centralised control, MA was the most resistant of the
colonies in New England
Royal Charter:
-Charles wanted to revoke in 60s and 70s
-resistance did not allow this
-dies in 1685 so less pressure
-James II took English throne (Catholic)
-Sir Edmund Andros – governor over region under James, also worked in court
-Andros was under willing to include local puritans on his council making him unpopular
-policies led to Glorious Revolution
-wanted to fulfil Charles wishes
-centralised control
-MA suspected catholic sympathies or catholic revolution (fear of popish plot)
-introduces new taxes based on import and export tax duty
-did not have any tax laws before
-caused resentment
-Britain saw this colony as a financial drain
, -Accusations based on land ownership, was made void due to MA bay colony govt
-increased Indian attacks
-source of people questioning who owns what led to accusations
Glorious revolution: April 1687
-James II issued declaration of indulgence which suspended penal laws against Catholics
-led to a knock-on effect: 7 bishops refused to issue a second one in 1688
-threats from William of orange led to James fleeing the country in 1688
-these issues at home pushed empire issues to the side
-James tried to gather own army in Ireland but lost Battle of Boyne 1690
-fuelled revolution in MA against Sir Edmund Andros in April 1689
-hidden meetings led my increase and cotton in Boston
-Andros tried to ban these as he saw them as conspiring against him
-military assembled own group and stopped serving Andros
Cotton and increase M well known, in position to lead negotiations from 1688-92 in London
-increase Mather returned to MA with William Phips (trials already started)
-in April 1689 he had turned against Andros and claimed that he was in support of William of O
-Andros attempts to flee
-sent to England to face trial and became governor of Virginia (highlights power vacuum and symbol
of James gone)
-William 3rd on throne and franchise based on property ownership
-all officials should be appointed by crown
-Phips could block any laws
-people of Salem believed that their life had been disturbed by devil (puritan belief is that devil is
ever-present)
-outside forces came to disrupt counter-reformation (tax, land voting)
-less puritan representation
-lack of legal authority
-looming Indian threat linked with economic crisis (lack of troops or support from England due to
domestic issues)
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