NR 302 Health Assessment Exam 2 Test Blueprint (1) Latest,100% CORRECT
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NR 302
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NR 302
NR 302 Health Assessment Exam 2 Test Blueprint (1) Latest
Chapter 12: 6 questions
A & P of the layers of the skin Two Layer
1. Epidermis & Dermis
Epidermis – Outer layer Completely replaces every 4 weeks
▪ Highly differentiated
▪ Thin but tough
▪ Avascular & nourished by blood vessel...
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NR302-Health Assessment I
Exam 2 Blueprint There are 50 questions on this exam. There are 2 select all that apply questions
NR 302 Health Assessment Exam 2 Test Blueprint (1) Latest
Chapter 12: 6 questions
A & P of the layers of the skin Two Layer
1. Epidermis & Dermis
Epidermis – Outer layer Completely replaces every 4 weeks
▪ Highly differentiated
▪ Thin but tough
▪ Avascular & nourished by blood vessels in the dermis
▪ Stratified into several zones
o Basel cell Layer – Forms new skin cells
▪ major ingredient: fibrous protein Keratin
▪ Melanocytes produce pigment melanin
• Gives brown tones to skin & hair
• Everyone has melanocytes, however amount of melanin they produce
varies with genetic, hormonal, environmental
• As new cells migrate up they flatten into the outer horny cell layer
o Horny cell layer – dead keratinized cells closely packed & constantly shed or
desquamated & replaced w/ new cells
Dermis Inner supportive layer
Consisting mostly of: Connective tissue, or collage:
Tough, fibrous protein that enables the skin to resist tearing
o Resilient elastic tissue that allows the skin to stretch w/ body movement
o Nerves
o Sensory receptors
o Blood vessels
o Lymphatics
o Appendages from the epidermis embedded in the dermis
o Hair follicles
o Sebaceous glands & sweat glands
2. Subcutaneous Layer
Adipose tissue (lobules of fat cells)
Stores fat for energy
Provides insulation for temperature control
Aids in protection
Gives skin increased mobility over structures underneath
9 Function of the Skin: Skin is a waterproof, almost indestructible covering that has protective and
adaptive properties
Protection Minimize injury Wound repair replacement of surface wounds
Prevents penetration barrier stops invasion Communication Blushing/Blanching signal emotion
microorganisms & loss of water & electrolytes
Perception vast sensory surface touch, pain, Production of Vitamin D UV light converts cholesterol into
temperature, and pressure Vitamin D.
Temperature regulation Heat Absorption and excretion limited excretion of some
Insulation/dissipation metabolic wastes, by-products of cellular decomposition
Identification unique facial characteristics, hair,
skin color, and even fingerprints
This study source was downloaded by 100000802531269 from CourseHero.com on 09-12-2022 06:36:41 GMT -05:00
, NR302-Health Assessment I
Exam 2 Blueprint There are 50 questions on this exam. There are 2 select all that apply questions
Hair
Threads of keratin
Two types of hair:
I. Vellus hair: covers most of the body (except palms and soles, dorsa of the distal parts of the fingers, umbilicus,
glans penis, inside the labia)
II. Terminal hair: darker, thicker hair that grows on the scalp and eyebrows and after puberty on the axillae, pubic
area, face and chest in male
Sebaceous Glands
Produce Sebum(oil): A protective lipid substance secreted through hair follicles
Everywhere except palms and soles
Most abundant in scalp, forehead, face, & chin
Lubricates skin and hair and forms emulsion with water that prevents water loss from skin
Dry skin results from loss of water, not directly from loss of oil
Sweat Glands
Two types of sweat glands:
I. Eccrine Glands: widely distributed through the body
Mature in the 2-month -old infant
Coiled tubules that open directly onto the skin surface & Sweat
Sweat evaporation reduces body temperature
II. Apocrine Glands:
Activated during puberty & Decreases in the aging adult
Secretion occurs with emotional & sexual stimulation
Bacterial flora reacts w/ apocrine sweat and produce musky body odor
Produce a thick, milky secretion & open into the hair follicles
Mainly in the Axillae, Anogenital area, nipples, & navel
Vestigial in humans
Developmental considerations: newborn, older adult
Infants & Children
▪ Lanugo Hair follicles: Fine downy hair of the newborn hair.
▪ Develops in the fetus at 3 months’ gestation; by midgestation most of the skin is covered & First few months
after birth is replaced by fine Vellus hair
▪ Terminal hair on the scalp May be present at birth
▪ Vernix caseosa present at birth, thick, cheesy substance made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells
▪ Sebum water in skin producing milia (a common variation; white papules on the cheeks & forehead & across
the nose & chin; caused by sebum that occludes the opening of the follicles); holds water in the skin; present
first few weeks of life; produces cradle cap in some babies
▪ Many Skin functions not fully developed
▪ Skin is thin, smooth, elastic and more permeable than adult
▪ Greater risk for fluid loss
▪ Sebaceous glands decrease in size and production not resume until puberty
▪ Temperature (Heat & Cold) regulation ineffective because subcutaneous layer is inefficient
▪ Eccrine sweat glands do not secrete in response to heat until first few months of life
▪ Pigment system is inefficient at birth
This study source was downloaded by 100000802531269 from CourseHero.com on 09-12-2022 06:36:41 GMT -05:00
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