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Preparation of phenol and it's properties
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PhenolHydroxy derivative of aromatic hydrocarbon in which –OH
group is directly bonded to aromatic ring is called Phenol.
OH
Preparation of phenol :
1. From chlorobenzene (Dow’s process):
Chlorobenzene when heated with sodium hydroxide at 350°C
and 300 atm pressure gives sodium phenoxide which on
acidification with dil. HCl, yield phenol .
Cl ONa
350°C
+ NaOH + HCl
300 atm
, ONa OH
+ HCl + NaCl
2. From diazonium salt:
On warming aq. solution of benzene diazonium salt in the
presence of little dilute sulphuric acid, phenol is obtained .
N=N-Cl
OH
H2O/H +
+ N2 +HCl
3. From sulphonic acid :
Sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acids on fused with sodium
hydroxide (solid) at 300°C followed by acidification gives
phenol.
, SO3Na ONa
2NaOH
+ Na2SO3 + H2O
Fuse
ONa OH
+ HCl + NaCl
4. By decarboxylation of sodium salicylate:
Sodium salicylate on distillation with sodalime
followed by acidification , phenol is obtained .
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