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PTSD, Mood disorders, substance abuse, and child abuse. only notes you will need to make your own summary for exams.
A new category under the Dsm-5 has two childhood disorders and three
childhood/adult disorders
Childhood disorders
Attachment disorders resulting from psychological stress early in childhood- can
result from neglect and insufficient care that limits the development of healthy
attachments. Infants’ whose primary needs are met will look to the primary
caregivers for cues in the environment to create a healthy bond. The early
attachment will influence how we will relate to others and how we perceive
ourselves. Early development will impact our interpersonal relationships in
adulthood.
Reactive attachment disorder- from infancy (9months) to early childhood
before the age of 5 years. The disorder will happen if the child were deprived of
healthy social interaction and limited opportunities to form attachment. The
child won't turn to attachment figures for comfort or support or allow to be
protected and nurtured.
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A child who experienced neglect will have an altered brain structure and
chemistry. A child will fail to self-soothe and regulate their emotions and will
struggle to engage with others and can continue into adulthood. The child
experiences regular emotional and social distributions, will have limited positive
experiences and show unexplained sadness and fear.
Disinhibited social engagement disorder- DSED- a child will show over-familiar
behaviour towards a stranger, and does not recognize personal boundaries. This
happens due to extreme neglect and social deprivation before the age of 2 years.
These children will easily roam off and will not check in with primary caregivers,
they will easily roam off with a stranger and readily accept hugs and toys from
them. These children are vulnerable to be abducted and can easily fall prey to
paedophilic predators.
Adult disorders
Acute stress disorder: ASD
The exposure to one or more traumatic events where symptoms last from 3 days
to a month after the events, they do not extend beyond the 4 weeks. It occurs
in the early stages of post-trauma but can extend into posttraumatic stress. The
category was made to identify victims that might be at risk of developing PTSD
but does not exhibit the symptoms to be diagnosed with PTSD. A traumatic
event can be seen as a treat on your life or a near-death experience, injury or a
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violation on an individual or close to the individual. The events can be directly
experienced or be a witness to a traumatic event. Symptoms are classified under
general categories after an event, negative mood, avoidance of a trigger,
dissociation, arousal. The symptoms should impair an individual’s function in
important areas of their lives such as social and occupational.
Refer to DSM5 diagnostic criteria
9. Efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities)
that arouse
distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the
traumatic event(s).
Arousal Symptoms
10. Sleep disturbance.
11. Irritable behaviour and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation)
typically expressed as verbal
or physical aggression toward people or objects.
12. Hypervigilance.
13. Problems with concentration.
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