Endocrinology notes detailing endocrine pathologies and conditions. Notes made from multiple resources such as oxford handbook, question banks, university lectures and UK guidelines.
Look at specialty section and content list for the summary contents of this file.
Description
Deficiency of circulating thyroid hormones; Myxoedema is a severe form of the syndrome and usually applies to cases
in which deposition of mucinous substances results in thickening of skin and subcutaneous tissues. Note that in
untreated hypothyroidism Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) will increase due to an increase release of Thyrotropin
Releasing Hormone in response to a lack of Thyroid hormone. TRH also leads to an increase in prolactin in 30 % of
cases leading to hyperprolactinaemia symptoms.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Description Investigations
- Incidence: 10x more common in women - Hist: Ashkenazi/Hurtle cells on biopsy
Presentation Management
- Specific: Firm, non-tender goitre - Levothyroxine: Replacement therapy
- Transient: May have acute phase of hyperthyroidism Complications
Causes - MALT: Hashimoto’s is associated with ↑ risk
- Auto-ABs: Anti-TPO; Anti-Thyroglobulin - AID: Coeliac; T1DM; Vitiligo
- Associations: Coeliac; T1DM; Vitiligo
Subacute (de Quervain’s) Thyroiditis
Presentation Investigations
- Phase 1: Hyperthyroidism; Painful goitre; ↑ ESR - Thyroid Scintigraphy: Globally ↓ uptake of I131
- Phase 2: Euthyroid Management
- Phase 3: Hypothyroidism - Supportive: Self-limiting and requires no mx
- Phase 4: Thyroid Fxn and Structure normalises - Pain: Aspirin or NSAIDs
Causes - Steroids: Used for severe cases
- Viral: Thought to be caused following a viral infx
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